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The save and load commands allow data to be written to and
read from disk files in various formats. The default format of files
written by the save command can be controlled using the functions
save_default_options and save_precision.
As an example the following code creates a 3-by-3 matrix and saves it to the file ‘myfile.mat’.
A = [ 1:3; 4:6; 7:9 ]; save myfile.mat A
Once one or more variables have been saved to a file, they can be
read into memory using the load command.
load myfile.mat
A
-| A =
-|
-| 1 2 3
-| 4 5 6
-| 7 8 9
"-" v1 v2 …"-" v1 v2 …)Save the named variables v1, v2, …, in the file file.
The special filename ‘-’ may be used to return the
content of the variables as a string. If no variable names are listed,
Octave saves all the variables in the current scope. Otherwise, full
variable names or pattern syntax can be used to specify the variables to
save. If the -struct modifier is used, fields f1 f2
… of the scalar structure STRUCT are saved as if they were
variables with corresponding names. Valid options for the save
command are listed in the following table. Options that modify the output
format override the format specified by save_default_options.
If save is invoked using the functional form
save ("-option1", …, "file", "v1", …)
then the options, file, and variable name arguments (v1, …) must be specified as character strings.
If called with a filename of "-", write the output to stdout
if nargout is 0, otherwise return the output in a character string.
-appendAppend to the destination instead of overwriting.
-asciiSave a single matrix in a text file without header or any other information.
-binarySave the data in Octave’s binary data format.
-float-binarySave the data in Octave’s binary data format but only using single precision. Only use this format if you know that all the values to be saved can be represented in single precision.
-hdf5Save the data in HDF5 format. (HDF5 is a free, portable binary format developed by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois.) This format is only available if Octave was built with a link to the HDF5 libraries.
-float-hdf5Save the data in HDF5 format but only using single precision. Only use this format if you know that all the values to be saved can be represented in single precision.
-V7-v7-7-mat7-binarySave the data in MATLAB’s v7 binary data format.
-V6-v6-6-mat-mat-binarySave the data in MATLAB’s v6 binary data format.
-V4-v4-4-mat4-binarySave the data in the binary format written by MATLAB version 4.
-textSave the data in Octave’s text data format. (default).
-zip-zUse the gzip algorithm to compress the file. This works equally on files that are compressed with gzip outside of octave, and gzip can equally be used to convert the files for backward compatibility. This option is only available if Octave was built with a link to the zlib libraries.
The list of variables to save may use wildcard patterns containing the following special characters:
?Match any single character.
*Match zero or more characters.
[ list ]Match the list of characters specified by list. If the first
character is ! or ^, match all characters except those
specified by list. For example, the pattern [a-zA-Z] will
match all lower and uppercase alphabetic characters.
Wildcards may also be used in the field name specifications when using the -struct modifier (but not in the struct name itself).
Except when using the MATLAB binary data file format or the ‘-ascii’ format, saving global variables also saves the global status of the variable. If the variable is restored at a later time using ‘load’, it will be restored as a global variable.
The command
save -binary data a b*
saves the variable ‘a’ and all variables beginning with ‘b’ to the file data in Octave’s binary format.
See also: load, save_default_options, save_header_format_string, dlmread, csvread, fread.
There are three functions that modify the behavior of save.
Query or set the internal variable that specifies the default options
for the save command, and defines the default format.
Typical values include "-ascii", "-text -zip".
The default value is -text.
When called from inside a function with the "local" option, the
variable is changed locally for the function and any subroutines it calls.
The original variable value is restored when exiting the function.
See also: save.
Query or set the internal variable that specifies the number of digits to keep when saving data in text format.
When called from inside a function with the "local" option, the
variable is changed locally for the function and any subroutines it calls.
The original variable value is restored when exiting the function.
Query or set the internal variable that specifies the format string used for the comment line written at the beginning of text-format data files saved by Octave.
The format string is passed to strftime and should begin with the
character ‘#’ and contain no newline characters. If the value of
save_header_format_string is the empty string, the header comment is
omitted from text-format data files. The default value is
"# Created by Octave VERSION, %a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y %Z <USER@HOST>"
When called from inside a function with the "local" option, the
variable is changed locally for the function and any subroutines it calls.
The original variable value is restored when exiting the function.
Load the named variables v1, v2, …, from the file file.
If no variables are specified then all variables found in the
file will be loaded. As with save, the list of variables to extract
can be full names or use a pattern syntax. The format of the file is
automatically detected but may be overridden by supplying the appropriate
option.
If load is invoked using the functional form
load ("-option1", …, "file", "v1", …)
then the options, file, and variable name arguments (v1, …) must be specified as character strings.
If a variable that is not marked as global is loaded from a file when a global symbol with the same name already exists, it is loaded in the global symbol table. Also, if a variable is marked as global in a file and a local symbol exists, the local symbol is moved to the global symbol table and given the value from the file.
If invoked with a single output argument, Octave returns data instead
of inserting variables in the symbol table. If the data file contains
only numbers (TAB- or space-delimited columns), a matrix of values is
returned. Otherwise, load returns a structure with members
corresponding to the names of the variables in the file.
The load command can read data stored in Octave’s text and
binary formats, and MATLAB’s binary format. If compiled with zlib
support, it can also load gzip-compressed files. It will automatically
detect the type of file and do conversion from different floating point
formats (currently only IEEE big and little endian, though other formats
may be added in the future).
Valid options for load are listed in the following table.
-forceThis option is accepted for backward compatibility but is ignored. Octave now overwrites variables currently in memory with those of the same name found in the file.
-asciiForce Octave to assume the file contains columns of numbers in text format without any header or other information. Data in the file will be loaded as a single numeric matrix with the name of the variable derived from the name of the file.
-binaryForce Octave to assume the file is in Octave’s binary format.
-hdf5Force Octave to assume the file is in HDF5 format. (HDF5 is a free, portable binary format developed by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois.) Note that Octave can read HDF5 files not created by itself, but may skip some datasets in formats that it cannot support. This format is only available if Octave was built with a link to the HDF5 libraries.
-importThis option is accepted for backward compatibility but is ignored. Octave can now support multi-dimensional HDF data and automatically modifies variable names if they are invalid Octave identifiers.
-mat-mat-binary-6-v6-7-v7Force Octave to assume the file is in MATLAB’s version 6 or 7 binary format.
-mat4-binary-4-v4-V4Force Octave to assume the file is in the binary format written by MATLAB version 4.
-textForce Octave to assume the file is in Octave’s text format.
Read the contents of filename and return it as a string.
Return the native floating point format as a string.
It is possible to write data to a file in a similar way to the
disp function for writing data to the screen. The fdisp
works just like disp except its first argument is a file pointer
as created by fopen. As an example, the following code writes
to data ‘myfile.txt’.
fid = fopen ("myfile.txt", "w");
fdisp (fid, "3/8 is ");
fdisp (fid, 3/8);
fclose (fid);
See Opening and Closing Files, for details on how to use fopen
and fclose.
Display the value of x on the stream fid.
For example:
fdisp (stdout, "The value of pi is:"), fdisp (stdout, pi)
-| the value of pi is:
-| 3.1416
Note that the output from fdisp always ends with a newline.
See also: disp.
Octave can also read and write matrices text files such as comma separated lists.
Write the matrix M to the named file using delimiters.
file should be a file name or writable file ID given by fopen.
The parameter delim specifies the delimiter to use to separate values on a row.
The value of r specifies the number of delimiter-only lines to add to the start of the file.
The value of c specifies the number of delimiters to prepend to each line of data.
If the argument "-append" is given, append to the end of file.
In addition, the following keyword value pairs may appear at the end of the argument list:
"append"Either "on" or "off". See "-append" above.
"delimiter"See delim above.
"newline"The character(s) to use to separate each row. Three special cases exist
for this option. "unix" is changed into
"\n", "pc" is changed into
"\r\n", and "mac" is
changed into "\r". Any other value is used
directly as the newline separator.
"roffset"See r above.
"coffset"See c above.
"precision"The precision to use when writing the file. It can either be a format string (as used by fprintf) or a number of significant digits.
dlmwrite ("file.csv", reshape (1:16, 4, 4));
dlmwrite ("file.tex", a, "delimiter", "&", "newline", "\n")
Read the matrix data from a text file which uses the delimiter sep between data values.
If sep is not defined the separator between fields is determined from the file itself.
Given two scalar arguments r0 and c0, these define the starting row and column of the data to be read. These values are indexed from zero, such that the first row corresponds to an index of zero.
The range parameter may be a 4-element vector containing the upper
left and lower right corner [R0,C0,R1,C1]
where the lowest index value is zero. Alternatively, a spreadsheet style
range such as "A2..Q15" or "T1:AA5" can be used. The
lowest alphabetical index 'A' refers to the first column. The
lowest row index is 1.
file should be a file name or file id given by fopen. In the
latter case, the file is read until end of file is reached.
The "emptyvalue" option may be used to specify the value used to
fill empty fields. The default is zero.
Write the matrix x to the file filename in comma-separated-value format.
This function is equivalent to
dlmwrite (filename, x, ",", …)
Read the comma-separated-value file filename into the matrix x.
This function is equivalent to
x = dlmread (filename, "," , …)
Formatted data from can be read from, or written to, text files as well.
Read data from a text file.
The file filename is read and parsed according to format. The
function behaves like strread except it works by parsing a file
instead of a string. See the documentation of strread for details.
In addition to the options supported by strread, this function
supports two more:
"headerlines":
The first value number of lines of filename are skipped.
"endofline":
Specify a single character or
"\r\n". If no value is given, it
will be inferred from the file. If set to "" (empty string) EOLs
are ignored as delimiters.
The optional input n (format repeat count) specifies the number of times the format string is to be used or the number of lines to be read, whichever happens first while reading. The former is equivalent to requesting that the data output vectors should be of length N. Note that when reading files with format strings referring to multiple lines, n should rather be the number of lines to be read than the number of format string uses.
If the format string is empty (not just omitted) and the file contains only numeric data (excluding headerlines), textread will return a rectangular matrix with the number of columns matching the number of numeric fields on the first data line of the file. Empty fields are returned as zero values.
Examples:
Assume a data file like: 1 a 2 b 3 c 4 d 5 e
[a, b] = textread (f, "%f %s")
returns two columns of data, one with doubles, the other a
cellstr array:
a = [1; 2; 3; 4; 5]
b = {"a"; "b"; "c"; "d"; "e"}
[a, b] = textread (f, "%f %s", 3)
(read data into two culumns, try to use the format string
three times)
returns
a = [1; 2; 3]
b = {"a"; "b"; "c"}
With a data file like:
1
a
2
b
[a, b] = textread (f, "%f %s", 2)
returns a = 1 and b = {"a"}; i.e., the format string is used
only once because the format string refers to 2 lines of the
data file. To obtain 2x1 data output columns, specify N = 4
(number of data lines containing all requested data) rather
than 2.
Read data from a text file or string.
The string str or file associated with fid is read from and
parsed according to format. The function behaves like strread
except it can also read from file instead of a string. See the documentation
of strread for details.
In addition to the options supported by strread, this function
supports a few more:
"collectoutput":
A value of 1 or true instructs textscan to concatenate consecutive columns
of the same class in the output cell array. A value of 0 or false (default)
leaves output in distinct columns.
"endofline":
Specify "\r", "\n" or
"\r\n" (for CR, LF, or CRLF). If no
value is given, it will be inferred from the file. If set to "" (empty
string) EOLs are ignored as delimiters and added to whitespace.
"headerlines":
The first value number of lines of fid are skipped.
"returnonerror":
If set to numerical 1 or true (default), return normally when read errors
have been encountered. If set to 0 or false, return an error and no data.
As the string or file is read by columns rather than by rows, and because
textscan is fairly forgiving as regards read errors, setting this option
may have little or no actual effect.
When reading from a character string, optional input argument n specifies the number of times format should be used (i.e., to limit the amount of data read). When reading from file, n specifies the number of data lines to read; in this sense it differs slightly from the format repeat count in strread.
The output C is a cell array whose second dimension is determined by the number of format specifiers.
The second output, position, provides the position, in characters, from the beginning of the file.
If the format string is empty (not: omitted) and the file contains only numeric data (excluding headerlines), textscan will return data in a number of columns matching the number of numeric fields on the first data line of the file.
The importdata function has the ability to work with a wide
variety of data.
Import data from the file fname.
Input parameters:
\t for tab.
(Only valid for ASCII files)
Different file types are supported:
Import ASCII table using the specified number of header rows and the specified delimiter.
| • Saving Data on Unexpected Exits: |
Previous: Terminal Input, Up: Basic Input and Output [Contents][Index]