__ilu__.cc

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////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Copyright (C) 2013-2026 The Octave Project Developers
//
// See the file COPYRIGHT.md in the top-level directory of this
// distribution or <https://octave.org/copyright/>.
//
// This file is part of Octave.
//
// Octave is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
// under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with Octave; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
// <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
#if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H)
#  include "config.h"
#endif
 
#include "oct-locbuf.h"
#include "oct-norm.h"
 
#include "defun.h"
#include "error.h"
 
#include "builtin-defun-decls.h"
 
OCTAVE_BEGIN_NAMESPACE(octave)
 
// This function implements the IKJ and JKI variants of Gaussian elimination to
// perform the ILU0 decomposition.  The behavior is controlled by milu
// parameter.  If milu = ['off'|'col'] the JKI version is performed taking
// advantage of CCS format of the input matrix.  If milu = 'row' the input
// matrix has to be transposed to obtain the equivalent CRS structure so we can
// work efficiently with rows.  In this case IKJ version is used.
template <typename octave_matrix_t, typename T>
void ilu_0 (octave_matrix_t& sm, const std::string milu = "off")
{
  const octave_idx_type n = sm.cols ();
  octave_idx_type j1, j2, jrow, jw, i, j, k, jj;
  T r;
  T tl = 0;
 
  enum {OFF, ROW, COL};
  char opt;
  if (milu == "row")
    {
      opt = ROW;
      sm = sm.transpose ();
    }
  else if (milu == "col")
    opt = COL;
  else
    opt = OFF;
 
  // Input matrix pointers
  octave_idx_type *cidx = sm.cidx ();
  octave_idx_type *ridx = sm.ridx ();
  T *data = sm.data ();
 
  // Working arrays
  OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (octave_idx_type, iw, n);
  OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (octave_idx_type, uptr, n);
 
  // Initialize working arrays
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    iw[i] = -1;
 
  // Loop over all columns
  for (k = 0; k < n; k++)
    {
      j1 = cidx[k];
      j2 = cidx[k+1];
 
      if (j1 == j2)
        error ("ilu: A has a zero on the diagonal");
 
      for (j = j1; j < j2; j++)
        iw[ridx[j]] = j;
 
      r = 0;
      j = j1;
      jrow = ridx[j1];
      while ((jrow < k) && (j < j2))
        {
          if (opt == ROW)
            {
              tl = data[j] / data[uptr[jrow]];
              data[j] = tl;
            }
          for (jj = uptr[jrow] + 1; jj < cidx[jrow+1]; jj++)
            {
              jw = iw[ridx[jj]];
              if (jw != -1)
                if (opt == ROW)
                  data[jw] -= tl * data[jj];
                else
                  data[jw] -= data[j] * data[jj];
 
              else
                // That is for the milu='row'
                if (opt == ROW)
                  r += tl * data[jj];
                else if (opt == COL)
                  r += data[j] * data[jj];
            }
          j++;
          jrow = ridx[j];
        }
      uptr[k] = j;
      if (opt != OFF)
        data[uptr[k]] -= r;
 
      if (opt != ROW)
        for (jj = uptr[k] + 1; jj < cidx[k+1]; jj++)
          data[jj] /= data[uptr[k]];
 
      if (k != jrow)
        error ("ilu: A has a zero on the diagonal");
 
      if (data[j] == T(0))
        error ("ilu: encountered a pivot equal to 0");
 
      for (i = j1; i < j2; i++)
        iw[ridx[i]] = -1;
    }
 
  if (opt == ROW)
    sm = sm.transpose ();
}
 
DEFUN (__ilu0__, args, ,
       doc: /* -*- texinfo -*-
@deftypefn  {} {[@var{L}, @var{U}] =} __ilu0__ (@var{A}, @var{milu})
@deftypefnx {} {[@var{L}, @var{U}, @var{P}] =} __ilu0__ (@var{A}, @var{milu})
Undocumented internal function.
@end deftypefn */)
{
  if (args.length () != 2)
    print_usage ();
 
  octave_value_list retval (2);
 
  std::string milu = args(1).string_value ();
 
  // In ILU0 algorithm the zero-pattern of the input matrix is preserved so
  // its structure does not change during the algorithm.  The same input
  // matrix is used to build the output matrix due to that fact.
  octave_value_list arg_list;
  if (! args(0).iscomplex ())
    {
      SparseMatrix sm = args(0).sparse_matrix_value ();
      SparseMatrix speye (DiagMatrix (sm.cols (), sm.cols (), 1.0));
 
      ilu_0<SparseMatrix, double> (sm, milu);
 
      retval(0) = speye + Ftril (ovl (sm, -1))(0).sparse_matrix_value ();
      retval(1) = Ftriu (ovl (sm))(0).sparse_matrix_value ();
    }
  else
    {
      SparseComplexMatrix sm = args(0).sparse_complex_matrix_value ();
      SparseMatrix speye (DiagMatrix (sm.cols (), sm.cols (), 1.0));
 
      ilu_0<SparseComplexMatrix, Complex> (sm, milu);
 
      retval(0) = speye +
                  Ftril (ovl (sm, -1))(0).sparse_complex_matrix_value ();
      retval(1) = Ftriu (ovl (sm))(0).sparse_complex_matrix_value ();
    }
 
  return retval;
}
 
template <typename octave_matrix_t, typename T>
void
ilu_crout (octave_matrix_t& sm_l, octave_matrix_t& sm_u,
           octave_matrix_t& L, octave_matrix_t& U, T *cols_norm,
           T *rows_norm, const T droptol = 0,
           const std::string milu = "off")
{
  // Map the strings into chars for faster comparing inside loops
  char opt;
  enum {OFF, ROW, COL};
  if (milu == "row")
    opt = ROW;
  else if (milu == "col")
    opt = COL;
  else
    opt = OFF;
 
  octave_idx_type jrow, i, j, k, jj, total_len_l, total_len_u, max_len_u,
                  max_len_l, w_len_u, w_len_l, cols_list_len, rows_list_len;
 
  const octave_idx_type n = sm_u.cols ();
  sm_u = sm_u.transpose ();
 
  max_len_u = sm_u.nnz ();
  max_len_u += (0.1 * max_len_u) > n ? 0.1 * max_len_u : n;
  max_len_l = sm_l.nnz ();
  max_len_l += (0.1 * max_len_l) > n ? 0.1 * max_len_l : n;
 
  // Extract pointers to the arrays for faster access inside loops
  octave_idx_type *cidx_in_u = sm_u.cidx ();
  octave_idx_type *ridx_in_u = sm_u.ridx ();
  T *data_in_u = sm_u.data ();
  octave_idx_type *cidx_in_l = sm_l.cidx ();
  octave_idx_type *ridx_in_l = sm_l.ridx ();
  T *data_in_l = sm_l.data ();
 
  // L output arrays
  Array<octave_idx_type> ridx_out_l (dim_vector (max_len_l, 1));
  octave_idx_type *ridx_l = ridx_out_l.rwdata ();
  Array<T> data_out_l (dim_vector (max_len_l, 1));
  T *data_l = data_out_l.rwdata ();
 
  // U output arrays
  Array<octave_idx_type> ridx_out_u (dim_vector (max_len_u, 1));
  octave_idx_type *ridx_u = ridx_out_u.rwdata ();
  Array<T> data_out_u (dim_vector (max_len_u, 1));
  T *data_u = data_out_u.rwdata ();
 
  // Working arrays
  OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (octave_idx_type, cidx_l, n + 1);
  OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (octave_idx_type, cidx_u, n + 1);
  OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (octave_idx_type, cols_list, n);
  OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (octave_idx_type, rows_list, n);
  OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (T, w_data_l, n);
  OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (T, w_data_u, n);
  OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (octave_idx_type, Ufirst, n);
  OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (octave_idx_type, Lfirst, n);
  OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (T, cr_sum, n);
 
  T zero = T (0);
 
  // Initialize working arrays
  cidx_u[0] = cidx_in_u[0];
  cidx_l[0] = cidx_in_l[0];
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      w_data_u[i] = zero;
      w_data_l[i] = zero;
      cr_sum[i] = zero;
    }
 
  total_len_u = 0;
  total_len_l = 0;
  cols_list_len = 0;
  rows_list_len = 0;
 
  // Loop over all columns
  for (k = 0; k < n; k++)
    {
      // Load the working column and working row
      for (i = cidx_in_l[k]; i < cidx_in_l[k+1]; i++)
        w_data_l[ridx_in_l[i]] = data_in_l[i];
 
      for (i = cidx_in_u[k]; i < cidx_in_u[k+1]; i++)
        w_data_u[ridx_in_u[i]] = data_in_u[i];
 
      // Update U working row
      for (j = 0; j < rows_list_len; j++)
        {
          if ((Ufirst[rows_list[j]] != -1))
            for (jj = Ufirst[rows_list[j]]; jj < cidx_u[rows_list[j]+1]; jj++)
              {
                jrow = ridx_u[jj];
                w_data_u[jrow] -= data_u[jj] * data_l[Lfirst[rows_list[j]]];
              }
        }
      // Update L working column
      for (j = 0; j < cols_list_len; j++)
        {
          if (Lfirst[cols_list[j]] != -1)
            for (jj = Lfirst[cols_list[j]]; jj < cidx_l[cols_list[j]+1]; jj++)
              {
                jrow = ridx_l[jj];
                w_data_l[jrow] -= data_l[jj] * data_u[Ufirst[cols_list[j]]];
              }
        }
 
      if ((max_len_u - total_len_u) < n)
        {
          max_len_u += (0.1 * max_len_u) > n ? 0.1 * max_len_u : n;
          data_out_u.resize (dim_vector (max_len_u, 1));
          data_u = data_out_u.rwdata ();
          ridx_out_u.resize (dim_vector (max_len_u, 1));
          ridx_u = ridx_out_u.rwdata ();
        }
 
      if ((max_len_l - total_len_l) < n)
        {
          max_len_l += (0.1 * max_len_l) > n ? 0.1 * max_len_l : n;
          data_out_l.resize (dim_vector (max_len_l, 1));
          data_l = data_out_l.rwdata ();
          ridx_out_l.resize (dim_vector (max_len_l, 1));
          ridx_l = ridx_out_l.rwdata ();
        }
 
      // Expand the working row into the U output data structures
      w_len_l = 0;
      data_u[total_len_u] = w_data_u[k];
      ridx_u[total_len_u] = k;
      w_len_u = 1;
      for (i = k + 1; i < n; i++)
        {
          if (w_data_u[i] != zero)
            {
              if (std::abs (w_data_u[i]) < (droptol * rows_norm[k]))
                {
                  if (opt == ROW)
                    cr_sum[k] += w_data_u[i];
                  else if (opt == COL)
                    cr_sum[i] += w_data_u[i];
                }
              else
                {
                  data_u[total_len_u + w_len_u] = w_data_u[i];
                  ridx_u[total_len_u + w_len_u] = i;
                  w_len_u++;
                }
            }
 
          // Expand the working column into the L output data structures
          if (w_data_l[i] != zero)
            {
              if (std::abs (w_data_l[i]) < (droptol * cols_norm[k]))
                {
                  if (opt == COL)
                    cr_sum[k] += w_data_l[i];
                  else if (opt == ROW)
                    cr_sum[i] += w_data_l[i];
                }
              else
                {
                  data_l[total_len_l + w_len_l] = w_data_l[i];
                  ridx_l[total_len_l + w_len_l] = i;
                  w_len_l++;
                }
            }
          w_data_u[i] = zero;
          w_data_l[i] = zero;
        }
 
      // Compensate row and column sums --> milu option
      if (opt == COL || opt == ROW)
        data_u[total_len_u] += cr_sum[k];
 
      // Check if the pivot is zero
      if (data_u[total_len_u] == zero)
        error ("ilu: encountered a pivot equal to 0");
 
      // Scale the elements in L by the pivot
      for (i = total_len_l ; i < (total_len_l + w_len_l); i++)
        data_l[i] /= data_u[total_len_u];
 
      total_len_u += w_len_u;
      total_len_l += w_len_l;
      // Check if there are too many elements to be indexed with
      // octave_idx_type type due to fill-in during the process.
      if (total_len_l < 0 || total_len_u < 0)
        error ("ilu: integer overflow.  Too many fill-in elements in L or U");
 
      cidx_u[k+1] = cidx_u[k] - cidx_u[0] + w_len_u;
      cidx_l[k+1] = cidx_l[k] - cidx_l[0] + w_len_l;
 
      // The tricky part of the algorithm.  The arrays pointing to the first
      // working element of each column in the next iteration (Lfirst) or
      // the first working element of each row (Ufirst) are updated.  Also the
      // arrays working as lists cols_list and rows_list are filled with
      // indices pointing to Ufirst and Lfirst respectively.
      // FIXME: Maybe the -1 indicating in Ufirst and Lfirst, that no elements
      // have to be considered in a certain column or row in next iteration,
      // can be removed.  It feels safer to me using such an indicator.
      if (k < (n - 1))
        {
          if (w_len_u > 0)
            Ufirst[k] = cidx_u[k];
          else
            Ufirst[k] = -1;
          if (w_len_l > 0)
            Lfirst[k] = cidx_l[k];
          else
            Lfirst[k] = -1;
          cols_list_len = 0;
          rows_list_len = 0;
          for (i = 0; i <= k; i++)
            {
              if (Ufirst[i] != -1)
                {
                  jj = ridx_u[Ufirst[i]];
                  if (jj < (k + 1))
                    {
                      if (Ufirst[i] < (cidx_u[i+1]))
                        {
                          Ufirst[i]++;
                          if (Ufirst[i] == cidx_u[i+1])
                            Ufirst[i] = -1;
                          else
                            jj = ridx_u[Ufirst[i]];
                        }
                    }
                  if (jj == (k + 1))
                    {
                      cols_list[cols_list_len] = i;
                      cols_list_len++;
                    }
                }
 
              if (Lfirst[i] != -1)
                {
                  jj = ridx_l[Lfirst[i]];
                  if (jj < (k + 1))
                    if (Lfirst[i] < (cidx_l[i+1]))
                      {
                        Lfirst[i]++;
                        if (Lfirst[i] == cidx_l[i+1])
                          Lfirst[i] = -1;
                        else
                          jj = ridx_l[Lfirst[i]];
                      }
                  if (jj == (k + 1))
                    {
                      rows_list[rows_list_len] = i;
                      rows_list_len++;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
  // Build the output matrices
  L = octave_matrix_t (n, n, total_len_l);
  U = octave_matrix_t (n, n, total_len_u);
 
  // FIXME: Can these loops be replaced by std::copy?
  for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
    L.cidx (i) = cidx_l[i];
 
  for (i = 0; i < total_len_l; i++)
    {
      L.ridx (i) = ridx_l[i];
      L.data (i) = data_l[i];
    }
 
  for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
    U.cidx (i) = cidx_u[i];
 
  for (i = 0; i < total_len_u; i++)
    {
      U.ridx (i) = ridx_u[i];
      U.data (i) = data_u[i];
    }
 
  U = U.transpose ();
}
 
DEFUN (__iluc__, args, ,
       doc: /* -*- texinfo -*-
@deftypefn {} {[@var{L}, @var{U}] =} __iluc__ (@var{A}, @var{droptol}, @var{milu})
Undocumented internal function.
@end deftypefn */)
{
  if (args.length () != 3)
    print_usage ();
 
  double droptol = args(1).double_value ();
  std::string milu = args(2).string_value ();
 
  if (! args(0).iscomplex ())
    {
      SparseMatrix sm = args(0).sparse_matrix_value ();
      SparseMatrix sm_u = Ftriu (ovl (sm))(0).sparse_matrix_value ();
      SparseMatrix sm_l = Ftril (ovl (sm, -1))(0).sparse_matrix_value ();
      SparseMatrix U, L;
 
      RowVector sm_col_norms = xcolnorms (sm);
      ColumnVector sm_row_norms = xrownorms (sm);
      ilu_crout<SparseMatrix, double> (sm_l, sm_u, L, U,
                                       sm_col_norms.rwdata (),
                                       sm_row_norms.rwdata (),
                                       droptol, milu);
 
      SparseMatrix speye (DiagMatrix (L.cols (), L.cols (), 1.0));
 
      return ovl (L + speye, U);
    }
  else
    {
      SparseComplexMatrix sm = args(0).sparse_complex_matrix_value ();
      SparseComplexMatrix sm_u = Ftriu (ovl (sm))(0).sparse_complex_matrix_value ();
      SparseComplexMatrix sm_l = Ftril (ovl (sm, -1))(0).sparse_complex_matrix_value ();
      SparseComplexMatrix U, L;
      Array<Complex> cols_norm = xcolnorms (sm);
      Array<Complex> rows_norm = xrownorms (sm);
 
      ilu_crout<SparseComplexMatrix, Complex> (sm_l, sm_u, L, U,
                                               cols_norm.rwdata (),
                                               rows_norm.rwdata (),
                                               Complex (droptol), milu);
 
      SparseMatrix speye (DiagMatrix (L.cols (), L.cols (), 1.0));
 
      return ovl (L + speye, U);
    }
}
 
// This function implements the IKJ and JKI variants of gaussian elimination
// to perform the ILUTP decomposition.  The behavior is controlled by milu
// parameter.  If milu = ['off'|'col'] the JKI version is performed taking
// advantage of CCS format of the input matrix.  Row pivoting is performed.
// If milu = 'row' the input matrix has to be transposed to obtain the
// equivalent CRS structure so we can work efficiently with rows.  In that
// case IKJ version is used and column pivoting is performed.
 
template <typename octave_matrix_t, typename T>
void
ilu_tp (octave_matrix_t& sm, octave_matrix_t& L, octave_matrix_t& U,
        octave_idx_type nnz_u, octave_idx_type nnz_l, T *cols_norm,
        Array<octave_idx_type>& perm_vec, const T droptol = T(0),
        const T thresh = T(0), const  std::string milu = "off",
        const double udiag = 0)
{
  char opt;
  enum {OFF, ROW, COL};
  if (milu == "row")
    opt = ROW;
  else if (milu == "col")
    opt = COL;
  else
    opt = OFF;
 
  const octave_idx_type n = sm.cols ();
 
  // This is necessary for the JKI (milu = "row") variant.
  if (opt == ROW)
    sm = sm.transpose ();
 
  // Extract pointers to the arrays for faster access inside loops
  octave_idx_type *cidx_in = sm.cidx ();
  octave_idx_type *ridx_in = sm.ridx ();
  T *data_in = sm.data ();
  octave_idx_type jrow, i, j, k, jj, c, total_len_l, total_len_u, p_perm,
                  max_ind, max_len_l, max_len_u;
  T zero = T(0);
 
  T tl = zero, aux, maximum;
 
  max_len_u = nnz_u;
  max_len_u += (0.1 * max_len_u) > n ? 0.1 * max_len_u : n;
  max_len_l = nnz_l;
  max_len_l += (0.1 * max_len_l) > n ? 0.1 * max_len_l : n;
 
  // Extract pointers to the arrays for faster access inside loops
  Array<octave_idx_type> cidx_out_l (dim_vector (n + 1, 1));
  octave_idx_type *cidx_l = cidx_out_l.rwdata ();
  Array<octave_idx_type> ridx_out_l (dim_vector (max_len_l, 1));
  octave_idx_type *ridx_l = ridx_out_l.rwdata ();
  Array<T> data_out_l (dim_vector (max_len_l, 1));
  T *data_l = data_out_l.rwdata ();
 
  // Data for U
  Array<octave_idx_type> cidx_out_u (dim_vector (n + 1, 1));
  octave_idx_type *cidx_u = cidx_out_u.rwdata ();
  Array<octave_idx_type> ridx_out_u (dim_vector (max_len_u, 1));
  octave_idx_type *ridx_u = ridx_out_u.rwdata ();
  Array<T> data_out_u (dim_vector (max_len_u, 1));
  T *data_u = data_out_u.rwdata ();
 
  // Working arrays and permutation arrays
  octave_idx_type w_len_u, w_len_l;
  T total_sum, partial_col_sum = zero, partial_row_sum = zero;
  std::set<octave_idx_type> iw_l;
  std::set<octave_idx_type> iw_u;
  std::set<octave_idx_type>::iterator it, it2;
  OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (T, w_data, n);
  OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (octave_idx_type, iperm, n);
  octave_idx_type *perm = perm_vec.rwdata ();
  OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (octave_idx_type, uptr, n);
 
  // Initialize working and permutation arrays
  cidx_l[0] = cidx_in[0];
  cidx_u[0] = cidx_in[0];
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      w_data[i] = 0;
      perm[i] = i;
      iperm[i] = i;
    }
  total_len_u = 0;
  total_len_l = 0;
 
  // Loop over all columns
  for (k = 0; k < n; k++)
    {
      for (j = cidx_in[k]; j < cidx_in[k+1]; j++)
        {
          p_perm = iperm[ridx_in[j]];
          w_data[iperm[ridx_in[j]]] = data_in[j];
          if (p_perm > k)
            iw_l.insert (ridx_in[j]);
          else
            iw_u.insert (p_perm);
        }
 
      it = iw_u.begin ();
      total_sum = zero;
      while (it != iw_u.end ())
        {
          jrow = *it;
          if (jrow >= k)
            break;
 
          if (opt == COL)
            partial_col_sum = w_data[jrow];
          if (w_data[jrow] != zero)
            {
              if (opt == ROW)
                {
                  partial_row_sum = w_data[jrow];
                  tl = w_data[jrow] / data_u[uptr[jrow]];
                }
              for (jj = cidx_l[jrow]; jj < cidx_l[jrow+1]; jj++)
                {
                  p_perm = iperm[ridx_l[jj]];
                  aux = w_data[p_perm];
                  if (opt == ROW)
                    {
                      w_data[p_perm] -= tl * data_l[jj];
                      partial_row_sum += tl * data_l[jj];
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      tl = data_l[jj] * w_data[jrow];
                      w_data[p_perm] -= tl;
                      if (opt == COL)
                        partial_col_sum += tl;
                    }
 
                  if ((aux == zero) && (w_data[p_perm] != zero))
                    {
                      if (p_perm > k)
                        iw_l.insert (ridx_l[jj]);
                      else
                        iw_u.insert (p_perm);
                    }
                }
 
              // Drop element from the U part in IKJ
              // and L part in JKI variant (milu = [col|off])
              if ((std::abs (w_data[jrow]) < (droptol * cols_norm[k]))
                  && (w_data[jrow] != zero))
                {
                  if (opt == COL)
                    total_sum += partial_col_sum;
                  else if (opt == ROW)
                    total_sum += partial_row_sum;
                  w_data[jrow] = zero;
                  it = iw_u.erase (it);  // Returns next valid iterator
                  continue;
                }
              else
                // This is the element scaled by the pivot
                // in the actual iteration
                if (opt == ROW)
                  w_data[jrow] = tl;
            }
          ++it;  // Increment only when we did not erase
        }
 
      // Search for the pivot and update iw_l and iw_u if the pivot is not the
      // diagonal element
      if ((thresh > zero) && (k < (n - 1)))
        {
          maximum = std::abs (w_data[k]) / thresh;
          max_ind = perm[k];
          for (it = iw_l.begin (); it != iw_l.end (); ++it)
            {
              p_perm = iperm[*it];
              if (std::abs (w_data[p_perm]) > maximum)
                {
                  maximum = std::abs (w_data[p_perm]);
                  max_ind = *it;
                  it2 = it;
                }
            }
          // If the pivot is not the diagonal element update all
          p_perm = iperm[max_ind];
          if (max_ind != perm[k])
            {
              iw_l.erase (it2);
              if (w_data[k] != zero)
                iw_l.insert (perm[k]);
              else
                iw_u.insert (k);
              // Update permutation vectors and swap data
              iperm[perm[p_perm]] = k;
              iperm[perm[k]] = p_perm;
              std::swap (perm[k], perm[p_perm]);
              std::swap (w_data[k], w_data[p_perm]);
            }
 
        }
 
      // Drop elements in the L part in the IKJ version,
      // and from the U part in the JKI version.
      it = iw_l.begin ();
      while (it != iw_l.end ())
        {
          p_perm = iperm[*it];
          if (droptol > zero)
            if (std::abs (w_data[p_perm]) < (droptol * cols_norm[k]))
              {
                if (opt != OFF)
                  total_sum += w_data[p_perm];
                w_data[p_perm] = zero;
                it = iw_l.erase (it);
                continue;
              }
 
          it++;
        }
 
      // If milu == [row|col] summation is preserved.
      // Compensate diagonal element.
      if (opt != OFF)
        {
          if ((total_sum > zero) && (w_data[k] == zero))
            iw_u.insert (k);
          w_data[k] += total_sum;
        }
 
      // Check if the pivot is zero and if udiag is active.
      // NOTE: If the pivot == 0 and udiag is active, then if milu = [col|row]
      //       will not preserve the row sum for that column/row.
      if (w_data[k] == zero)
        {
          if (udiag != 1)
            error ("ilu: encountered a pivot equal to 0");
 
          w_data[k] = droptol;
          iw_u.insert (k);
        }
 
      // Scale the elements on the L part for IKJ version (milu = [col|off])
      if (opt != ROW)
        for (it = iw_l.begin (); it != iw_l.end (); ++it)
          {
            p_perm = iperm[*it];
            w_data[p_perm] = w_data[p_perm] / w_data[k];
          }
 
      if ((max_len_u - total_len_u) < n)
        {
          max_len_u += (0.1 * max_len_u) > n ? 0.1 * max_len_u : n;
          data_out_u.resize (dim_vector (max_len_u, 1));
          data_u = data_out_u.rwdata ();
          ridx_out_u.resize (dim_vector (max_len_u, 1));
          ridx_u = ridx_out_u.rwdata ();
        }
 
      if ((max_len_l - total_len_l) < n)
        {
          max_len_l += (0.1 * max_len_l) > n ? 0.1 * max_len_l : n;
          data_out_l.resize (dim_vector (max_len_l, 1));
          data_l = data_out_l.rwdata ();
          ridx_out_l.resize (dim_vector (max_len_l, 1));
          ridx_l = ridx_out_l.rwdata ();
        }
 
      // Expand working vector into U.
      w_len_u = 0;
      for (it = iw_u.begin (); it != iw_u.end (); ++it)
        {
          if (w_data[*it] != zero)
            {
              data_u[total_len_u + w_len_u] = w_data[*it];
              ridx_u[total_len_u + w_len_u] = *it;
              w_len_u++;
            }
          w_data[*it] = 0;
        }
 
      // Expand working vector into L.
      w_len_l = 0;
      for (it = iw_l.begin (); it != iw_l.end (); ++it)
        {
          p_perm = iperm[*it];
          if (w_data[p_perm] != zero)
            {
              data_l[total_len_l + w_len_l] = w_data[p_perm];
              ridx_l[total_len_l + w_len_l] = *it;
              w_len_l++;
            }
          w_data[p_perm] = 0;
        }
      total_len_u += w_len_u;
      total_len_l += w_len_l;
 
      // Check if there are too many elements to be indexed with
      // octave_idx_type type due to fill-in during the process.
      if (total_len_l < 0 || total_len_u < 0)
        error ("ilu: Integer overflow.  Too many fill-in elements in L or U");
 
      if (opt == ROW)
        uptr[k] = total_len_u - 1;
 
      cidx_u[k+1] = cidx_u[k] - cidx_u[0] + w_len_u;
      cidx_l[k+1] = cidx_l[k] - cidx_l[0] + w_len_l;
 
      iw_l.clear ();
      iw_u.clear ();
    }
 
  octave_matrix_t *L_ptr;
  octave_matrix_t *U_ptr;
  octave_matrix_t diag (n, n, n);
 
  // L and U are interchanged if milu = 'row'.  It is a matter
  // of nomenclature to re-use code with both IKJ and JKI
  // versions of the algorithm.
  if (opt == ROW)
    {
      L_ptr = &U;
      U_ptr = &L;
      L = octave_matrix_t (n, n, total_len_u - n);
      U = octave_matrix_t (n, n, total_len_l);
    }
  else
    {
      L_ptr = &L;
      U_ptr = &U;
      L = octave_matrix_t (n, n, total_len_l);
      U = octave_matrix_t (n, n, total_len_u);
    }
 
  for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
    {
      L_ptr->cidx (i) = cidx_l[i];
      U_ptr->cidx (i) = cidx_u[i];
      if (opt == ROW)
        U_ptr->cidx (i) -= i;
    }
 
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      if (opt == ROW)
        diag.elem (i, i) = data_u[uptr[i]];
      j = cidx_l[i];
 
      while (j < cidx_l[i+1])
        {
          L_ptr->ridx (j) = ridx_l[j];
          L_ptr->data (j) = data_l[j];
          j++;
        }
      j = cidx_u[i];
 
      while (j < cidx_u[i+1])
        {
          c = j;
          if (opt == ROW)
            {
              // The diagonal is removed from L if milu = 'row'.
              // That is because is convenient to have it inside
              // the L part to carry out the process.
              if (ridx_u[j] == i)
                {
                  j++;
                  continue;
                }
              else
                c -= i;
            }
          U_ptr->data (c) = data_u[j];
          U_ptr->ridx (c) = ridx_u[j];
          j++;
        }
    }
 
  if (opt == ROW)
    {
      U = U.transpose ();
      // The diagonal, conveniently permuted is added to U
      U += diag.index (idx_vector::colon, perm_vec);
      L = L.transpose ();
    }
}
 
DEFUN (__ilutp__, args, nargout,
       doc: /* -*- texinfo -*-
@deftypefn  {} {[@var{L}, @var{U}] =} __ilutp__ (@var{A}, @var{droptol}, @var{thresh}, @var{milu}, @var{udiag})
@deftypefnx {} {[@var{L}, @var{U}, @var{P}] =} __ilutp__ (@dots{})
Undocumented internal function.
@end deftypefn */)
{
  if (args.length () != 5)
    print_usage ();
 
  octave_value_list retval;
  double droptol = args(1).double_value ();
  double thresh = args(2).double_value ();
  std::string milu = args(3).string_value ();
  double udiag = args(4).double_value ();
 
  octave_value_list arg_list;
  octave_idx_type nnz_u, nnz_l;
  if (! args(0).iscomplex ())
    {
      SparseMatrix sm = args(0).sparse_matrix_value ();
      SparseMatrix U, L;
      nnz_u = (Ftriu (ovl (sm))(0).sparse_matrix_value ()).nnz ();
      nnz_l = (Ftril (ovl (sm, -1))(0).sparse_matrix_value ()).nnz ();
      Array<double> rc_norm;
      if (milu == "row")
        rc_norm = xrownorms (sm);
      else
        rc_norm = xcolnorms (sm);
      Array<octave_idx_type> perm (dim_vector (sm.cols (), 1));
 
      ilu_tp<SparseMatrix, double> (sm, L, U, nnz_u, nnz_l,
                                    rc_norm.rwdata (),
                                    perm, droptol, thresh, milu, udiag);
 
      SparseMatrix speye (DiagMatrix (L.cols (), L.cols (), 1.0));
      if (milu == "row")
        {
          retval(0) = L + speye;
          if (nargout == 3)
            {
              retval(1) = U.index (idx_vector::colon, perm);
              retval(2) = speye.index (idx_vector::colon, perm);
            }
          else
            retval(1) = U;
        }
      else
        {
          retval(1) = U;
          if (nargout == 3)
            {
              retval(0) = L.index (perm, idx_vector::colon) + speye;
              retval(2) = speye.index (perm, idx_vector::colon);
            }
          else
            retval(0) = L + speye.index (idx_vector::colon, perm);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      SparseComplexMatrix sm = args(0).sparse_complex_matrix_value ();
      SparseComplexMatrix U, L;
      nnz_u = (Ftriu (ovl (sm))(0).sparse_complex_matrix_value ()).nnz ();
      nnz_l = (Ftril (ovl (sm, -1))(0).sparse_complex_matrix_value ()).nnz ();
      Array<Complex> rc_norm;
      if (milu == "row")
        rc_norm = xrownorms (sm);
      else
        rc_norm = xcolnorms (sm);
      Array<octave_idx_type> perm (dim_vector (sm.cols (), 1));
 
      ilu_tp<SparseComplexMatrix, Complex>
      (sm, L, U, nnz_u, nnz_l, rc_norm.rwdata (), perm,
       Complex (droptol), Complex (thresh), milu, udiag);
 
      SparseMatrix speye (DiagMatrix (L.cols (), L.cols (), 1.0));
      if (milu == "row")
        {
          retval(0) = L + speye;
          if (nargout == 3)
            {
              retval(1) = U.index (idx_vector::colon, perm);
              retval(2) = speye.index (idx_vector::colon, perm);
            }
          else if (nargout == 2)
            retval(1) = U;
        }
      else
        {
          retval(1) = U;
          if (nargout == 3)
            {
              retval(0) = L.index (perm, idx_vector::colon) + speye;
              retval(2) = speye.index (perm, idx_vector::colon);
            }
          else
            retval(0) = L + speye.index (idx_vector::colon, perm);
        }
    }
 
  return retval;
}
 
/*
## No test needed for internal helper function.
%!assert (1)
*/
 
OCTAVE_END_NAMESPACE(octave)