stack-frame.cc

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////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Copyright (C) 1995-2022 The Octave Project Developers
//
// See the file COPYRIGHT.md in the top-level directory of this
// distribution or <https://octave.org/copyright/>.
//
// This file is part of Octave.
//
// Octave is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
// under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with Octave; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
// <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
#if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H)
#  include "config.h"
#endif
 
#include "lo-regexp.h"
#include "str-vec.h"
 
#include "defun.h"
#include "interpreter.h"
#include "interpreter-private.h"
#include "oct-map.h"
#include "ov.h"
#include "ov-fcn.h"
#include "ov-fcn-handle.h"
#include "ov-usr-fcn.h"
#include "pager.h"
#include "parse.h"
#include "pt-eval.h"
#include "stack-frame.h"
#include "syminfo.h"
#include "symrec.h"
#include "symscope.h"
#include "variables.h"
 
namespace octave
{
  class compiled_fcn_stack_frame : public stack_frame
  {
  public:
 
    compiled_fcn_stack_frame (void) = delete;
 
    compiled_fcn_stack_frame (tree_evaluator& tw, octave_function *fcn,
                              std::size_t index,
                              const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& parent_link,
                              const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& static_link)
      : stack_frame (tw, index, parent_link, static_link,
                     static_link->access_link ()),
        m_fcn (fcn)
    { }
 
    compiled_fcn_stack_frame (const compiled_fcn_stack_frame& elt) = default;
 
    compiled_fcn_stack_frame&
    operator = (const compiled_fcn_stack_frame& elt) = delete;
 
    ~compiled_fcn_stack_frame (void) = default;
 
    bool is_compiled_fcn_frame (void) const { return true; }
 
    symbol_scope get_scope (void) const
    {
      return m_static_link->get_scope ();
    }
 
    octave_function * function (void) const { return m_fcn; }
 
    symbol_record lookup_symbol (const std::string& name) const
    {
      return m_static_link->lookup_symbol (name);
    }
 
    symbol_record insert_symbol (const std::string& name)
    {
      return m_static_link->insert_symbol (name);
    }
 
    stack_frame::scope_flags scope_flag (const symbol_record& sym) const
    {
      // Look in closest stack frame that contains values (either the
      // top scope, or a user-defined function or script).
 
      return m_static_link->scope_flag (sym);
    }
 
    void set_auto_fcn_var (auto_var_type avt, const octave_value& val)
    {
      m_static_link->set_auto_fcn_var (avt, val);
    }
 
    octave_value get_auto_fcn_var (auto_var_type avt) const
    {
      return m_static_link->get_auto_fcn_var (avt);
    }
 
    // We only need to override one of each of these functions.  The
    // using declaration will avoid warnings about partially-overloaded
    // virtual functions.
    using stack_frame::varval;
    using stack_frame::varref;
 
    octave_value varval (const symbol_record& sym) const
    {
      // Look in closest stack frame that contains values (either the
      // top scope, or a user-defined function or script).
 
      return m_static_link->varval (sym);
    }
 
    octave_value& varref (const symbol_record& sym)
    {
      // Look in closest stack frame that contains values (either the
      // top scope, or a user-defined function or script).
 
      return m_static_link->varref (sym);
    }
 
    void mark_scope (const symbol_record& sym, scope_flags flag)
    {
      // Look in closest stack frame that contains values (either the
      // top scope, or a user-defined function or script).
 
      m_static_link->mark_scope (sym, flag);
    }
 
    void display (bool follow = true) const;
 
    void accept (stack_frame_walker& sfw);
 
  private:
 
    // Compiled function object associated with this stack frame.
    // Should always be a built-in, .oct or .mex file function and
    // should always be valid.
    octave_function *m_fcn;
  };
 
  // Scripts have a symbol_scope object to store the set of variables
  // in the script, but values for those variables are stored in the
  // stack frame corresponding to the nearest calling function or in
  // the top-level scope (the evaluation stack frame).
  //
  // Accessing values in a scope requires a mapping from the index of
  // the variable for the script scope to the list of values in the
  // evaluation frame(s).  The frame offset tells us how many access
  // links we must follow to find the stack frame that holds the
  // value.  The value offset is the index into the vector of values
  // in that stack frame that we should use to find the value.
  //
  // Frame and value offsets are set in this stack frame when it is
  // created using information from the script and enclosing scopes.
  //
  // If a script is invoked in a nested function context, the frame
  // offsets for individual values may be different.  Some may be
  // accessed from the invoking function and some may come from a
  // parent function.
 
  class script_stack_frame : public stack_frame
  {
  public:
 
    script_stack_frame (void) = delete;
 
    script_stack_frame (tree_evaluator& tw, octave_user_script *script,
                        std::size_t index,
                        const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& parent_link,
                        const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& static_link);
 
    script_stack_frame (const script_stack_frame& elt) = default;
 
    script_stack_frame& operator = (const script_stack_frame& elt) = delete;
 
    ~script_stack_frame (void)
    {
      delete m_unwind_protect_frame;
    }
 
    bool is_user_script_frame (void) const { return true; }
 
    static std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>
    get_access_link (const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& static_link);
 
    static std::size_t get_num_symbols (octave_user_script *script);
 
    void set_script_offsets (void);
 
    void set_script_offsets_internal (const std::map<std::string,
                                      symbol_record>& symbols);
 
    void resize_and_update_script_offsets (const symbol_record& sym);
 
    symbol_scope get_scope (void) const { return m_script->scope (); }
 
    octave_function * function (void) const { return m_script; }
 
    unwind_protect * unwind_protect_frame (void);
 
    symbol_record lookup_symbol (const std::string& name) const;
 
    symbol_record insert_symbol (const std::string&);
 
    std::size_t size (void) const { return m_lexical_frame_offsets.size (); }
 
    void resize (std::size_t size)
    {
      m_lexical_frame_offsets.resize (size, 0);
      m_value_offsets.resize (size, 0);
    }
 
    void get_val_offsets_with_insert (const symbol_record& sym,
                                      std::size_t& frame_offset,
                                      std::size_t& data_offset);
 
    bool get_val_offsets_internal (const symbol_record& sym,
                                   std::size_t& frame_offset,
                                   std::size_t& data_offset) const;
 
    bool get_val_offsets (const symbol_record& sym, std::size_t& frame_offset,
                          std::size_t& data_offset) const;
 
    scope_flags scope_flag (const symbol_record& sym) const;
 
    void set_auto_fcn_var (auto_var_type avt, const octave_value& val)
    {
      m_access_link->set_auto_fcn_var (avt, val);
    }
 
    octave_value get_auto_fcn_var (auto_var_type avt) const
    {
      return m_access_link->get_auto_fcn_var (avt);
    }
 
    // We only need to override one of each of these functions.  The
    // using declaration will avoid warnings about partially-overloaded
    // virtual functions.
    using stack_frame::varval;
    using stack_frame::varref;
 
    octave_value varval (const symbol_record& sym) const;
 
    octave_value& varref (const symbol_record& sym);
 
    void mark_scope (const symbol_record& sym, scope_flags flag);
 
    void display (bool follow = true) const;
 
    void accept (stack_frame_walker& sfw);
 
  private:
 
    // Script object associated with this stack frame.  Should always
    // be valid.
    octave_user_script *m_script;
 
    // The nearest unwind protect frame that was active when this
    // stack frame was created.  Should always be valid.
    unwind_protect *m_unwind_protect_frame;
 
    // Mapping between the symbols in the symbol_scope object of the
    // script to the stack frame in which the script is executed.  The
    // frame offsets may be greater than one if the script is executed
    // in a nested function context.
 
    std::vector<std::size_t> m_lexical_frame_offsets;
    std::vector<std::size_t> m_value_offsets;
  };
 
  // Base class for values and offsets shared by user_fcn and scope
  // frames.
 
  class base_value_stack_frame : public stack_frame
  {
  public:
 
    base_value_stack_frame (void) = delete;
 
    base_value_stack_frame (tree_evaluator& tw, std::size_t num_symbols,
                            std::size_t index,
                            const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& parent_link,
                            const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& static_link,
                            const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& access_link)
      : stack_frame (tw, index, parent_link, static_link, access_link),
        m_values (num_symbols, octave_value ()),
        m_flags (num_symbols, LOCAL),
        m_auto_vars (NUM_AUTO_VARS, octave_value ())
    { }
 
    base_value_stack_frame (const base_value_stack_frame& elt) = default;
 
    base_value_stack_frame&
    operator = (const base_value_stack_frame& elt) = delete;
 
    ~base_value_stack_frame (void) = default;
 
    std::size_t size (void) const
    {
      return m_values.size ();
    }
 
    void resize (std::size_t size)
    {
      m_values.resize (size, octave_value ());
      m_flags.resize (size, LOCAL);
    }
 
    stack_frame::scope_flags get_scope_flag (std::size_t data_offset) const
    {
      return m_flags.at (data_offset);
    }
 
    void set_scope_flag (std::size_t data_offset, scope_flags flag)
    {
      m_flags.at (data_offset) = flag;
    }
 
    octave_value get_auto_fcn_var (auto_var_type avt) const
    {
      return m_auto_vars.at (avt);
    }
 
    void set_auto_fcn_var (auto_var_type avt, const octave_value& val)
    {
      m_auto_vars.at (avt) = val;
    }
 
    // We only need to override one of each of these functions.  The
    // using declaration will avoid warnings about partially-overloaded
    // virtual functions.
    using stack_frame::varval;
    using stack_frame::varref;
 
    octave_value varval (std::size_t data_offset) const
    {
      return m_values.at (data_offset);
    }
 
    octave_value& varref (std::size_t data_offset)
    {
      return m_values.at (data_offset);
    }
 
    void display (bool follow = true) const;
 
  protected:
 
    // Variable values.  This array is indexed by the data_offset
    // value stored in the symbol_record objects of the scope
    // associated with this stack frame.
    std::vector<octave_value> m_values;
 
    // The type of each variable (local, global, persistent) of each
    // value.  This array is indexed by the data_offset value stored
    // in the symbol_record objects of the scope associated with this
    // stack frame.  Local values are found in the M_VALUES array.
    // Global values are stored in the tree_evaluator object that contains
    // the stack frame.  Persistent values are stored in the function
    // scope corresponding to the stack frame.
    std::vector<scope_flags> m_flags;
 
    // A fixed list of Automatic variables created for this function.
    // The elements of this vector correspond to the auto_var_type
    // enum.
    std::vector<octave_value> m_auto_vars;
  };
 
  // User-defined functions have a symbol_scope object to store the set
  // of variables in the function and values are stored in the stack
  // frame corresponding to the invocation of the function or one of
  // its parents.  The frame offset tells us how many access links we
  // must follow to find the stack frame that holds the value.  The
  // value offset is the index into the vector of values in that stack
  // frame that we should use to find the value.
  //
  // Frame and value offsets are determined when the corresponding
  // function is parsed.
 
  class user_fcn_stack_frame : public base_value_stack_frame
  {
  public:
 
    user_fcn_stack_frame (void) = delete;
 
    user_fcn_stack_frame (tree_evaluator& tw, octave_user_function *fcn,
                          std::size_t index,
                          const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& parent_link,
                          const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& static_link,
                          const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& access_link = std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> ())
      : base_value_stack_frame (tw, get_num_symbols (fcn), index,
                                parent_link, static_link,
                                (access_link
                                 ? access_link
                                 : get_access_link (fcn, static_link))),
        m_fcn (fcn), m_unwind_protect_frame (nullptr)
    { }
 
    user_fcn_stack_frame (tree_evaluator& tw, octave_user_function *fcn,
                          std::size_t index,
                          const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& parent_link,
                          const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& static_link,
                          const local_vars_map& local_vars,
                          const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& access_link = std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> ())
      : base_value_stack_frame (tw, get_num_symbols (fcn), index,
                                parent_link, static_link,
                                (access_link
                                 ? access_link
                                 : get_access_link (fcn, static_link))),
        m_fcn (fcn), m_unwind_protect_frame (nullptr)
    {
      // Initialize local variable values.
 
      for (const auto& nm_ov : local_vars)
        assign (nm_ov.first, nm_ov.second);
    }
 
    user_fcn_stack_frame (const user_fcn_stack_frame& elt) = default;
 
    user_fcn_stack_frame&
    operator = (const user_fcn_stack_frame& elt) = delete;
 
    ~user_fcn_stack_frame (void)
    {
      delete m_unwind_protect_frame;
    }
 
    bool is_user_fcn_frame (void) const { return true; }
 
    static std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>
    get_access_link (octave_user_function *fcn,
                     const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& static_link);
 
    static std::size_t get_num_symbols (octave_user_function *fcn)
    {
      symbol_scope fcn_scope = fcn->scope ();
 
      return fcn_scope.num_symbols ();
    }
 
    void clear_values (void);
 
    symbol_scope get_scope (void) const { return m_fcn->scope (); }
 
    octave_function * function (void) const { return m_fcn; }
 
    unwind_protect * unwind_protect_frame (void);
 
    symbol_record lookup_symbol (const std::string& name) const;
 
    symbol_record insert_symbol (const std::string&);
 
    scope_flags scope_flag (const symbol_record& sym) const;
 
    // We only need to override one of each of these functions.  The
    // using declaration will avoid warnings about partially-overloaded
    // virtual functions.
    using base_value_stack_frame::varval;
    using base_value_stack_frame::varref;
 
    octave_value varval (const symbol_record& sym) const;
 
    octave_value& varref (const symbol_record& sym);
 
    void mark_scope (const symbol_record& sym, scope_flags flag);
 
    void display (bool follow = true) const;
 
    void accept (stack_frame_walker& sfw);
 
    void break_closure_cycles (const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& frame);
 
  private:
 
    // User-defined object associated with this stack frame.  Should
    // always be valid.
    octave_user_function *m_fcn;
 
    // The nearest unwind protect frame that was active when this
    // stack frame was created.  Should always be valid.
    unwind_protect *m_unwind_protect_frame;
  };
 
  // Pure scope stack frames (primarily the top-level workspace) have
  // a set of variables and values are stored in the stack frame.  All
  // variable accesses are direct as there are no parent stack frames.
  //
  // Value offsets are determined when the corresponding variable is
  // entered into the symbol_scope object corresponding to the frame.
 
  class scope_stack_frame : public base_value_stack_frame
  {
  public:
 
    scope_stack_frame (void) = delete;
 
    scope_stack_frame (tree_evaluator& tw, const symbol_scope& scope,
                       std::size_t index,
                       const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& parent_link,
                       const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& static_link)
      : base_value_stack_frame (tw, scope.num_symbols (), index,
                                parent_link, static_link, nullptr),
        m_scope (scope)
    { }
 
    scope_stack_frame (const scope_stack_frame& elt) = default;
 
    scope_stack_frame& operator = (const scope_stack_frame& elt) = delete;
 
    ~scope_stack_frame (void) = default;
 
    bool is_scope_frame (void) const { return true; }
 
    symbol_scope get_scope (void) const { return m_scope; }
 
    symbol_record lookup_symbol (const std::string& name) const
    {
      return m_scope.lookup_symbol (name);
    }
 
    symbol_record insert_symbol (const std::string&);
 
    scope_flags scope_flag (const symbol_record& sym) const;
 
    // We only need to override one of each of these functions.  The
    // using declaration will avoid warnings about partially-overloaded
    // virtual functions.
    using base_value_stack_frame::varval;
    using base_value_stack_frame::varref;
 
    octave_value varval (const symbol_record& sym) const;
 
    octave_value& varref (const symbol_record& sym);
 
    void mark_scope (const symbol_record& sym, scope_flags flag);
 
    void display (bool follow = true) const;
 
    void accept (stack_frame_walker& sfw);
 
  private:
 
    // The scope object associated with this stack frame.
    symbol_scope m_scope;
  };
 
  // FIXME: There should probably be a display method for the script,
  // fcn, and scope objects and the script and function objects should
  // be responsible for displaying the scopes they contain.
 
  static void display_scope (std::ostream& os, const symbol_scope& scope)
  {
    if (scope)
      {
        os << "scope: " << scope.name () << std::endl;
 
        if (scope.num_symbols () > 0)
          {
            os << "name (frame offset, data offset, storage class):"
               << std::endl;
 
            std::list<symbol_record> symbols = scope.symbol_list ();
 
            for (auto& sym : symbols)
              {
                os << "  " << sym.name () << " (" << sym.frame_offset ()
                   << ", " << sym.data_offset () << ", " << sym.storage_class ()
                   << ")" << std::endl;
              }
          }
      }
  }
 
  class stack_frame_walker
  {
  protected:
 
    stack_frame_walker (void) { }
 
    virtual ~stack_frame_walker (void) = default;
 
  public:
 
    // No copying!
 
    stack_frame_walker (const stack_frame_walker&) = delete;
 
    stack_frame_walker& operator = (const stack_frame_walker&) = delete;
 
    virtual void
    visit_compiled_fcn_stack_frame (compiled_fcn_stack_frame&) = 0;
 
    virtual void
    visit_script_stack_frame (script_stack_frame&) = 0;
 
    virtual void
    visit_user_fcn_stack_frame (user_fcn_stack_frame&) = 0;
 
    virtual void
    visit_scope_stack_frame (scope_stack_frame&) = 0;
  };
 
  class symbol_cleaner : public stack_frame_walker
  {
  public:
 
    symbol_cleaner (const std::string& pattern, bool have_regexp = false)
      : stack_frame_walker (), m_patterns (pattern),
        m_clear_all_names (false), m_clear_objects (false),
        m_have_regexp (have_regexp), m_cleared_names ()
    { }
 
    symbol_cleaner (const string_vector& patterns, bool have_regexp = false)
      : stack_frame_walker (), m_patterns (patterns),
        m_clear_all_names (false), m_clear_objects (false),
        m_have_regexp (have_regexp), m_cleared_names ()
    { }
 
    symbol_cleaner (bool clear_all_names = true, bool clear_objects = false)
      : stack_frame_walker (), m_patterns (),
        m_clear_all_names (clear_all_names), m_clear_objects (clear_objects),
        m_have_regexp (false), m_cleared_names ()
    { }
 
    symbol_cleaner (const symbol_cleaner&) = delete;
 
    symbol_cleaner& operator = (const symbol_cleaner&) = delete;
 
    ~symbol_cleaner (void) = default;
 
    void visit_compiled_fcn_stack_frame (compiled_fcn_stack_frame& frame)
    {
      // This one follows static link always.  Hmm, should the access
      // link for a compiled_fcn_stack_frame be the same as the static
      // link?
 
      std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> slink = frame.static_link ();
 
      if (slink)
        slink->accept (*this);
    }
 
    void visit_script_stack_frame (script_stack_frame& frame)
    {
      std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> alink = frame.access_link ();
 
      if (alink)
        alink->accept (*this);
    }
 
    void visit_user_fcn_stack_frame (user_fcn_stack_frame& frame)
    {
      clean_frame (frame);
 
      std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> alink = frame.access_link ();
 
      if (alink)
        alink->accept (*this);
    }
 
    void visit_scope_stack_frame (scope_stack_frame& frame)
    {
      clean_frame (frame);
 
      std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> alink = frame.access_link ();
 
      if (alink)
        alink->accept (*this);
    }
 
  private:
 
    void maybe_clear_symbol (stack_frame& frame, const symbol_record& sym)
    {
      std::string name = sym.name ();
 
      if (m_cleared_names.find (name) == m_cleared_names.end ())
        {
          // FIXME: Should we check that the name is defined and skip if
          // it is not?  Is it possible for another symbol with the same
          // name to appear in a later stack frame?
 
          // FIXME: If we are clearing objects and a symbol is found,
          // should we add it to the list of cleared names (since
          // we did find a symbol) but skip clearing the object?
 
          if (m_clear_objects && ! frame.is_object (sym))
            return;
 
          m_cleared_names.insert (name);
 
          frame.clear (sym);
        }
    }
 
    // FIXME: It would be nice to avoid the duplication in the following
    // function.
 
    void clear_symbols (stack_frame& frame,
                        const std::list<symbol_record>& symbols)
    {
      if (m_clear_all_names)
        {
          for (const auto& sym : symbols)
            maybe_clear_symbol (frame, sym);
        }
      else if (m_have_regexp)
        {
          octave_idx_type npatterns = m_patterns.numel ();
 
          for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < npatterns; j++)
            {
              std::string pattern = m_patterns[j];
 
              regexp pat (pattern);
 
              for (const auto& sym : symbols)
                {
                  if (pat.is_match (sym.name ()))
                    maybe_clear_symbol (frame, sym);
                }
            }
        }
      else
        {
          octave_idx_type npatterns = m_patterns.numel ();
 
          for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < npatterns; j++)
            {
              std::string pattern = m_patterns[j];
 
              glob_match pat (pattern);
 
              for (const auto& sym : symbols)
                {
                  if (pat.match (sym.name ()))
                    maybe_clear_symbol (frame, sym);
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    void clean_frame (stack_frame& frame)
    {
      symbol_scope scope = frame.get_scope ();
 
      std::list<symbol_record> symbols = scope.symbol_list ();
 
      if (m_clear_all_names || ! m_patterns.empty ())
        clear_symbols (frame, symbols);
    }
 
    string_vector m_patterns;
 
    bool m_clear_all_names;
    bool m_clear_objects;
    bool m_have_regexp;
 
    std::set<std::string> m_cleared_names;
  };
 
  class symbol_info_accumulator : public stack_frame_walker
  {
  public:
 
    symbol_info_accumulator (const std::string& pattern,
                             bool have_regexp = false)
      : stack_frame_walker (), m_patterns (pattern), m_match_all (false),
        m_first_only (false), m_have_regexp (have_regexp), m_sym_inf_list (),
        m_found_names ()
    { }
 
    symbol_info_accumulator (const string_vector& patterns,
                             bool have_regexp = false)
      : stack_frame_walker (), m_patterns (patterns), m_match_all (false),
        m_first_only (false), m_have_regexp (have_regexp), m_sym_inf_list (),
        m_found_names ()
    { }
 
    symbol_info_accumulator (bool match_all = true, bool first_only = true)
      : stack_frame_walker (), m_patterns (), m_match_all (match_all),
        m_first_only (first_only), m_have_regexp (false),
        m_sym_inf_list (), m_found_names ()
    { }
 
    symbol_info_accumulator (const symbol_info_accumulator&) = delete;
 
    symbol_info_accumulator& operator = (const symbol_info_accumulator&) = delete;
 
    ~symbol_info_accumulator (void) = default;
 
    bool is_empty  (void) const
    {
      for (const auto& nm_sil : m_sym_inf_list)
        {
          const symbol_info_list& lst = nm_sil.second;
 
          if (! lst.empty ())
            return false;
        }
 
      return true;
    }
 
    std::list<std::string> names (void) const
    {
      std::list<std::string> retval;
 
      for (const auto& nm_sil : m_sym_inf_list)
        {
          const symbol_info_list& lst = nm_sil.second;
 
          std::list<std::string> nm_list = lst.names ();
 
          for (const auto& nm : nm_list)
            retval.push_back (nm);
        }
 
      return retval;
    }
 
    symbol_info_list symbol_info (void) const
    {
      symbol_info_list retval;
 
      for (const auto& nm_sil : m_sym_inf_list)
        {
          const symbol_info_list& lst = nm_sil.second;
 
          for (const auto& syminf : lst)
            retval.push_back (syminf);
        }
 
      return retval;
    }
 
    octave_map map_value (void) const
    {
      octave_map retval;
 
      // FIXME: is there a better way to concatenate structures?
 
      std::size_t n_frames = m_sym_inf_list.size ();
 
      OCTAVE_LOCAL_BUFFER (octave_map, map_list, n_frames);
 
      std::size_t j = 0;
      for (const auto& nm_sil : m_sym_inf_list)
        {
          std::string scope_name = nm_sil.first;
          const symbol_info_list& lst = nm_sil.second;
 
          map_list[j] = lst.map_value (scope_name, n_frames-j);
 
          j++;
        }
 
      return octave_map::cat (-1, n_frames, map_list);
    }
 
    void display (std::ostream& os, const std::string& format) const
    {
      for (const auto& nm_sil : m_sym_inf_list)
        {
          os << "\nvariables in scope: " << nm_sil.first << "\n\n";
 
          const symbol_info_list& lst = nm_sil.second;
 
          lst.display (os, format);
        }
    }
 
    void visit_compiled_fcn_stack_frame (compiled_fcn_stack_frame& frame)
    {
      // This one follows static link always.  Hmm, should the access
      // link for a compiled_fcn_stack_frame be the same as the static
      // link?
 
      std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> slink = frame.static_link ();
 
      if (slink)
        slink->accept (*this);
    }
 
    void visit_script_stack_frame (script_stack_frame& frame)
    {
      std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> alink = frame.access_link ();
 
      if (alink)
        alink->accept (*this);
    }
 
    void visit_user_fcn_stack_frame (user_fcn_stack_frame& frame)
    {
      append_list (frame);
 
      std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> alink = frame.access_link ();
 
      if (alink)
        alink->accept (*this);
    }
 
    void visit_scope_stack_frame (scope_stack_frame& frame)
    {
      append_list (frame);
 
      std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> alink = frame.access_link ();
 
      if (alink)
        alink->accept (*this);
    }
 
  private:
 
    typedef std::pair<std::string, symbol_info_list> syminf_list_elt;
 
    // FIXME: the following is too complex and duplicates too much
    // code.  Maybe it should be split up so we have separate classes
    // that do each job that is needed?
 
    std::list<symbol_record>
    filter (stack_frame& frame, const std::list<symbol_record>& symbols)
    {
      std::list<symbol_record> new_symbols;
 
      if (m_match_all)
        {
          for (const auto& sym : symbols)
            {
              if (frame.is_defined (sym))
                {
                  std::string name = sym.name ();
 
                  if (m_first_only
                      && m_found_names.find (name) != m_found_names.end ())
                    continue;
 
                  m_found_names.insert (name);
 
                  new_symbols.push_back (sym);
                }
            }
        }
      else if (m_have_regexp)
        {
          octave_idx_type npatterns = m_patterns.numel ();
 
          for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < npatterns; j++)
            {
              std::string pattern = m_patterns[j];
 
              regexp pat (pattern);
 
              for (const auto& sym : symbols)
                {
                  std::string name = sym.name ();
 
                  if (pat.is_match (name) && frame.is_defined (sym))
                    {
                      if (m_first_only
                          && m_found_names.find (name) != m_found_names.end ())
                        continue;
 
                      m_found_names.insert (name);
 
                      new_symbols.push_back (sym);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
      else
        {
          octave_idx_type npatterns = m_patterns.numel ();
 
          for (octave_idx_type j = 0; j < npatterns; j++)
            {
              std::string pattern = m_patterns[j];
 
              glob_match pat (pattern);
 
              for (const auto& sym : symbols)
                {
                  std::string name = sym.name ();
 
                  if (pat.match (name) && frame.is_defined (sym))
                    {
                      if (m_first_only
                          && m_found_names.find (name) == m_found_names.end ())
                        continue;
 
                      m_found_names.insert (name);
 
                      new_symbols.push_back (sym);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
 
      return new_symbols;
    }
 
    void append_list (stack_frame& frame)
    {
      symbol_scope scope = frame.get_scope ();
 
      std::list<symbol_record> symbols = scope.symbol_list ();
 
      if (m_match_all || ! m_patterns.empty ())
        symbols = filter (frame, symbols);
 
      symbol_info_list syminf_list = frame.make_symbol_info_list (symbols);
 
      m_sym_inf_list.push_back (syminf_list_elt (scope.name (), syminf_list));
    }
 
    string_vector m_patterns;
 
    bool m_match_all;
    bool m_first_only;
    bool m_have_regexp;
 
    std::list<std::pair<std::string, symbol_info_list>> m_sym_inf_list;
 
    std::set<std::string> m_found_names;
  };
 
  stack_frame * stack_frame::create (tree_evaluator& tw, octave_function *fcn,
                                     std::size_t index,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& parent_link,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& static_link)
  {
    return new compiled_fcn_stack_frame (tw, fcn, index, parent_link, static_link);
  }
 
  stack_frame * stack_frame::create (tree_evaluator& tw,
                                     octave_user_script *script,
                                     std::size_t index,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& parent_link,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& static_link)
  {
    return new script_stack_frame (tw, script, index, parent_link, static_link);
  }
 
  stack_frame * stack_frame::create (tree_evaluator& tw,
                                     octave_user_function *fcn, std::size_t index,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& parent_link,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& static_link,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& access_link)
  {
    return new user_fcn_stack_frame (tw, fcn, index, parent_link, static_link, access_link);
  }
 
  stack_frame * stack_frame::create (tree_evaluator& tw,
                                     octave_user_function *fcn, std::size_t index,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& parent_link,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& static_link,
                                     const local_vars_map& local_vars,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& access_link)
  {
    return new user_fcn_stack_frame (tw, fcn, index, parent_link, static_link, local_vars, access_link);
  }
 
  stack_frame * stack_frame::create (tree_evaluator& tw,
                                     const symbol_scope& scope, std::size_t index,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& parent_link,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& static_link)
  {
    return new scope_stack_frame (tw, scope, index, parent_link, static_link);
  }
 
  // This function is only implemented and should only be called for
  // user_fcn stack frames.  Anything else indicates an error in the
  // implementation, but we'll simply warn if that happens.
 
  void stack_frame::clear_values (void)
  {
    warning ("invalid call to stack_frame::clear_values; please report");
  }
 
  symbol_info_list
  stack_frame::make_symbol_info_list (const std::list<symbol_record>& symrec_list) const
  {
    symbol_info_list symbol_stats;
 
    for (const auto& sym : symrec_list)
      {
        octave_value value = varval (sym);
 
        if (! value.is_defined ()
            || (is_user_fcn_frame () && sym.frame_offset () > 0))
          continue;
 
        symbol_info syminf (sym.name (), value, sym.is_formal (),
                            is_global (sym), is_persistent (sym));
 
        symbol_stats.append (syminf);
      }
 
    return symbol_stats;
  }
 
  octave_value stack_frame::who (const string_vector& patterns,
                                 bool have_regexp, bool return_list,
                                 bool verbose, const std::string& whos_line_fmt,
                                 const std::string& msg)
  {
    symbol_info_accumulator sym_inf_accum (patterns, have_regexp);
 
    accept (sym_inf_accum);
 
    if (return_list)
      {
        if (verbose)
          return sym_inf_accum.map_value ();
        else
          return Cell (string_vector (sym_inf_accum.names ()));
      }
    else if (! sym_inf_accum.is_empty ())
      {
 
        if (msg.empty ())
          octave_stdout << "Variables visible from the current scope:\n";
        else
          octave_stdout << msg;
 
        if (verbose)
          sym_inf_accum.display (octave_stdout, whos_line_fmt);
        else
          {
            octave_stdout << "\n";
            string_vector names (sym_inf_accum.names ());
            names.list_in_columns (octave_stdout);
          }
 
        octave_stdout << "\n";
      }
 
    return octave_value ();
  }
 
  // Return first occurrence of variables in current stack frame and any
  // parent frames reachable through access links.
 
  symbol_info_list stack_frame::all_variables (void)
  {
    symbol_info_accumulator sia (true, true);
 
    accept (sia);
 
    return sia.symbol_info ();
  }
 
  octave_value stack_frame::workspace (void)
  {
    std::list<octave_scalar_map> ws_list;
 
    stack_frame *frame = this;
 
    while (frame)
      {
        symbol_info_list symbols = frame->all_variables ();
 
        octave_scalar_map ws;
 
        for (const auto& sym_name : symbols.names ())
          {
            octave_value val = symbols.varval (sym_name);
 
            if (val.is_defined ())
              ws.assign (sym_name, val);
          }
 
        ws_list.push_back (ws);
 
        std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> nxt = frame->access_link ();
        frame = nxt.get ();
      }
 
    Cell ws_frames (ws_list.size (), 1);
 
    octave_idx_type i = 0;
    for (const auto& elt : ws_list)
      ws_frames(i++) = elt;
 
    return ws_frames;
  }
 
  // FIXME: Should this function also find any variables in parent
  // scopes accessible through access_links?
 
  std::list<std::string> stack_frame::variable_names (void) const
  {
    std::list<std::string> retval;
 
    symbol_scope scope = get_scope ();
 
    const std::map<std::string, symbol_record>& symbols = scope.symbols ();
 
    for (const auto& nm_sr : symbols)
      {
        if (is_variable (nm_sr.second))
          retval.push_back (nm_sr.first);
      }
 
    retval.sort ();
 
    return retval;
  }
 
  symbol_info_list stack_frame::glob_symbol_info (const std::string& pattern)
  {
    symbol_info_accumulator sia (pattern, false);
 
    accept (sia);
 
    return sia.symbol_info ();
  }
 
  symbol_info_list stack_frame::regexp_symbol_info (const std::string& pattern)
  {
    symbol_info_accumulator sia (pattern, true);
 
    accept (sia);
 
    return sia.symbol_info ();
  }
 
  std::size_t stack_frame::size (void) const
  {
    // This function should only be called for user_fcn_stack_frame or
    // scope_stack_frame objects.  Anything else indicates an error in
    // the implementation.
 
    panic_impossible ();
  }
 
  void stack_frame::resize (std::size_t)
  {
    // This function should only be called for user_fcn_stack_frame or
    // scope_stack_frame objects.  Anything else indicates an error in
    // the implementation.
 
    panic_impossible ();
  }
 
  stack_frame::scope_flags stack_frame::get_scope_flag (std::size_t) const
  {
    // This function should only be called for user_fcn_stack_frame or
    // scope_stack_frame objects.  Anything else indicates an error in
    // the implementation.
 
    panic_impossible ();
  }
 
  void stack_frame::set_scope_flag (std::size_t, scope_flags)
  {
    // This function should only be called for user_fcn_stack_frame or
    // scope_stack_frame objects.  Anything else indicates an error in
    // the implementation.
 
    panic_impossible ();
  }
 
  void stack_frame::install_variable (const symbol_record& sym,
                                      const octave_value& value, bool global)
  {
    if (global && ! is_global (sym))
      {
        octave_value val = varval (sym);
 
        if (val.is_defined ())
          {
            std::string nm = sym.name ();
 
            warning_with_id ("Octave:global-local-conflict",
                             "global: '%s' is defined in the current scope.\n",
                             nm.c_str ());
            warning_with_id ("Octave:global-local-conflict",
                             "global: in a future version, global variables must be declared before use.\n");
 
            // If the symbol is defined in the local but not the
            // global scope, then use the local value as the
            // initial value.  This value will also override any
            // initializer in the global statement.
            octave_value global_val = m_evaluator.global_varval (nm);
 
            if (global_val.is_defined ())
              {
                warning_with_id ("Octave:global-local-conflict",
                                 "global: global value overrides existing local value");
 
                clear (sym);
              }
            else
              {
                warning_with_id ("Octave:global-local-conflict",
                                 "global: existing local value used to initialize global variable");
 
                m_evaluator.global_varref (nm) = val;
              }
          }
 
        mark_global (sym);
      }
 
    if (value.is_defined ())
      assign (sym, value);
  }
 
  octave_value stack_frame::varval (std::size_t) const
  {
    // This function should only be called for user_fcn_stack_frame or
    // scope_stack_frame objects.  Anything else indicates an error in
    // the implementation.
 
    panic_impossible ();
  }
 
  octave_value& stack_frame::varref (std::size_t)
  {
    // This function should only be called for user_fcn_stack_frame or
    // scope_stack_frame objects.  Anything else indicates an error in
    // the implementation.
 
    panic_impossible ();
  }
 
  void stack_frame::clear_objects (void)
  {
    symbol_cleaner sc (true, true);
 
    accept (sc);
  }
 
  void stack_frame::clear_variable (const std::string& name)
  {
    symbol_cleaner sc (name);
 
    accept (sc);
  }
 
  void stack_frame::clear_variable_pattern (const std::string& pattern)
  {
    symbol_cleaner sc (pattern);
 
    accept (sc);
  }
 
  void stack_frame::clear_variable_pattern (const string_vector& patterns)
  {
    symbol_cleaner sc (patterns);
 
    accept (sc);
  }
 
  void stack_frame::clear_variable_regexp (const std::string& pattern)
  {
    symbol_cleaner sc (pattern, true);
 
    accept (sc);
  }
 
  void stack_frame::clear_variable_regexp (const string_vector& patterns)
  {
    symbol_cleaner sc (patterns, true);
 
    accept (sc);
  }
 
  void stack_frame::clear_variables (void)
  {
    symbol_cleaner sc;
 
    accept (sc);
  }
 
  void stack_frame::display_stopped_in_message (std::ostream& os) const
  {
    if (index () == 0)
      os << "at top level" << std::endl;
    else
      {
        os << "stopped in " << fcn_name ();
 
        int l = line ();
        if (l > 0)
          os << " at line " << line ();
 
        os << " [" << fcn_file_name () << "] " << std::endl;
      }
  }
 
  void stack_frame::display (bool follow) const
  {
    std::ostream& os = octave_stdout;
 
    os << "-- [stack_frame] (" << this << ") --" << std::endl;
 
    os << "parent link: ";
    if (m_parent_link)
      os << m_parent_link.get ();
    else
      os << "NULL";
    os << std::endl;
 
    os << "static link: ";
    if (m_static_link)
      os << m_static_link.get ();
    else
      os << "NULL";
    os << std::endl;
 
    os << "access link: ";
    if (m_access_link)
      os << m_access_link.get ();
    else
      os << "NULL";
    os << std::endl;
 
    os << "line: " << m_line << std::endl;
    os << "column: " << m_column << std::endl;
    os << "index: " << m_index << std::endl;
 
    os << std::endl;
 
    if (! follow)
      return;
 
    os << "FOLLOWING ACCESS LINKS:" << std::endl;
    std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> frm = access_link ();
    while (frm)
      {
        frm->display (false);
        os << std::endl;
 
        frm = frm->access_link ();
      }
  }
 
  void compiled_fcn_stack_frame::display (bool follow) const
  {
    std::ostream& os = octave_stdout;
 
    os << "-- [compiled_fcn_stack_frame] (" << this << ") --" << std::endl;
    stack_frame::display (follow);
 
    os << "fcn: " << m_fcn->name ()
       << " (" << m_fcn->type_name () << ")" << std::endl;
  }
 
  void compiled_fcn_stack_frame::accept (stack_frame_walker& sfw)
  {
    sfw.visit_compiled_fcn_stack_frame (*this);
  }
 
  script_stack_frame::script_stack_frame (tree_evaluator& tw,
                                          octave_user_script *script,
                                          std::size_t index,
                                          const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& parent_link,
                                          const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& static_link)
    : stack_frame (tw, index, parent_link, static_link,
                   get_access_link (static_link)),
      m_script (script), m_unwind_protect_frame (nullptr),
      m_lexical_frame_offsets (get_num_symbols (script), 1),
      m_value_offsets (get_num_symbols (script), 0)
  {
    set_script_offsets ();
  }
 
  std::size_t script_stack_frame::get_num_symbols (octave_user_script *script)
  {
    symbol_scope script_scope = script->scope ();
 
    return script_scope.num_symbols ();
  }
 
  void script_stack_frame::set_script_offsets (void)
  {
    // Set frame and data offsets inside stack frame based on enclosing
    // scope(s).
 
    symbol_scope script_scope = m_script->scope ();
 
    std::size_t num_script_symbols = script_scope.num_symbols ();
 
    resize (num_script_symbols);
 
    const std::map<std::string, symbol_record>& script_symbols
      = script_scope.symbols ();
 
    set_script_offsets_internal (script_symbols);
  }
 
  void script_stack_frame::set_script_offsets_internal
   (const std::map<std::string, symbol_record>& script_symbols)
  {
    // This scope will be used to evaluate the script.  Find (or
    // possibly insert) symbols from the dummy script scope here.
 
    symbol_scope eval_scope = m_access_link->get_scope ();
 
    if (eval_scope.is_nested ())
      {
        bool found = false;
 
        for (const auto& nm_sr : script_symbols)
          {
            std::string name = nm_sr.first;
            symbol_record script_sr = nm_sr.second;
 
            symbol_scope parent_scope = eval_scope;
 
            std::size_t count = 1;
 
            while (parent_scope)
              {
                const std::map<std::string, symbol_record>& parent_scope_symbols
                  = parent_scope.symbols ();
 
                auto p = parent_scope_symbols.find (name);
 
                if (p != parent_scope_symbols.end ())
                  {
                    found = true;
                    symbol_record parent_scope_sr = p->second;
 
                    std::size_t script_sr_data_offset = script_sr.data_offset ();
 
                    m_lexical_frame_offsets.at (script_sr_data_offset)
                      = parent_scope_sr.frame_offset () + count;
 
                    m_value_offsets.at (script_sr_data_offset)
                      = parent_scope_sr.data_offset ();
 
                    break;
                  }
                else
                  {
                    count++;
                    parent_scope = parent_scope.parent_scope ();
                  }
              }
 
            if (! found)
              error ("symbol '%s' cannot be added to static scope",
                     name.c_str ());
          }
      }
    else
      {
        const std::map<std::string, symbol_record>& eval_scope_symbols
          = eval_scope.symbols ();
 
        for (const auto& nm_sr : script_symbols)
          {
            std::string name = nm_sr.first;
            symbol_record script_sr = nm_sr.second;
 
            auto p = eval_scope_symbols.find (name);
 
            symbol_record eval_scope_sr;
 
            if (p == eval_scope_symbols.end ())
              eval_scope_sr = eval_scope.insert (name);
            else
              eval_scope_sr = p->second;
 
            std::size_t script_sr_data_offset = script_sr.data_offset ();
 
            // The +1 is for going from the script frame to the eval
            // frame.  Only one access_link should need to be followed.
 
            m_lexical_frame_offsets.at (script_sr_data_offset)
              = eval_scope_sr.frame_offset () + 1;
 
            m_value_offsets.at (script_sr_data_offset)
              = eval_scope_sr.data_offset ();
          }
      }
  }
 
  void script_stack_frame::resize_and_update_script_offsets (const symbol_record& sym)
  {
    std::size_t data_offset = sym.data_offset ();
 
    // This function is called when adding new symbols to a script
    // scope.  If the symbol wasn't present before, it should be outside
    // the range so we need to resize then update offsets.
 
    assert (data_offset >= size ());
 
    resize (data_offset+1);
 
    // FIXME: We should be able to avoid creating the map object and the
    // looping in the set_scripts_offsets_internal function.  Can we do
    // that without (or with minimal) code duplication?
 
    std::map<std::string, symbol_record> tmp_symbols;
    tmp_symbols[sym.name ()] = sym;
    set_script_offsets_internal (tmp_symbols);
  }
 
  // If this is a nested scope, set access_link to nearest parent
  // stack frame that corresponds to the lexical parent of this scope.
 
  std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>
  script_stack_frame::get_access_link (const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& static_link)
  {
    // If this script is called from another script, set access
    // link to ultimate parent stack frame.
 
    std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> alink = static_link;
 
    while (alink->is_user_script_frame ())
      {
        if (alink->access_link ())
          alink = alink->access_link ();
        else
          break;
      }
 
    return alink;
  }
 
  unwind_protect * script_stack_frame::unwind_protect_frame (void)
  {
    if (! m_unwind_protect_frame)
      m_unwind_protect_frame = new unwind_protect ();
 
    return m_unwind_protect_frame;
  }
 
  symbol_record script_stack_frame::lookup_symbol (const std::string& name) const
  {
    symbol_scope scope = get_scope ();
 
    symbol_record sym = scope.lookup_symbol (name);
 
    if (sym)
      {
        assert (sym.frame_offset () == 0);
 
        return sym;
      }
 
    sym = m_access_link->lookup_symbol (name);
 
    // Return symbol record with adjusted frame offset.
    symbol_record new_sym = sym.dup ();
 
    new_sym.set_frame_offset (sym.frame_offset () + 1);
 
    return new_sym;
  }
 
  symbol_record script_stack_frame::insert_symbol (const std::string& name)
  {
    // If the symbols is already in the immediate scope, there is
    // nothing more to do.
 
    symbol_scope scope = get_scope ();
 
    symbol_record sym = scope.lookup_symbol (name);
 
    if (sym)
      {
        // All symbol records in a script scope should have zero offset,
        // which means we redirect our lookup using
        // lexical_frame_offsets and values_offets.
        assert (sym.frame_offset () == 0);
 
        return sym;
      }
 
    // Insert the symbol in the current scope then resize and update
    // offsets.  This operation should never fail.
 
    sym = scope.find_symbol (name);
 
    assert (sym);
 
    resize_and_update_script_offsets (sym);
 
    return sym;
  }
 
  // Similar to set_script_offsets_internal except that we only return
  // frame and data offsets for symbols found by name in parent scopes
  // instead of updating the offsets stored in the script frame itself.
 
  bool
  script_stack_frame::get_val_offsets_internal (const symbol_record& script_sr,
                                                std::size_t& frame_offset,
                                                std::size_t& data_offset) const
  {
    bool found = false;
 
    // This scope will be used to evaluate the script.  Find symbols
    // here by name.
 
    symbol_scope eval_scope = m_access_link->get_scope ();
 
    if (eval_scope.is_nested ())
      {
        std::string name = script_sr.name ();
 
        symbol_scope parent_scope = eval_scope;
 
        std::size_t count = 1;
 
        while (parent_scope)
          {
            const std::map<std::string, symbol_record>& parent_scope_symbols
              = parent_scope.symbols ();
 
            auto p = parent_scope_symbols.find (name);
 
            if (p != parent_scope_symbols.end ())
              {
                found = true;
                symbol_record parent_scope_sr = p->second;
 
                frame_offset = parent_scope_sr.frame_offset () + count;
 
                data_offset = parent_scope_sr.data_offset ();
 
                break;
              }
            else
              {
                count++;
                parent_scope = parent_scope.parent_scope ();
              }
          }
      }
    else
      {
        const std::map<std::string, symbol_record>& eval_scope_symbols
          = eval_scope.symbols ();
 
        std::string name = script_sr.name ();
 
        auto p = eval_scope_symbols.find (name);
 
        symbol_record eval_scope_sr;
 
        if (p != eval_scope_symbols.end ())
          {
            found = true;
            eval_scope_sr = p->second;
 
            // The +1 is for going from the script frame to the eval
            // frame.  Only one access_link should need to be followed.
 
            frame_offset = eval_scope_sr.frame_offset () + 1;
 
            data_offset = eval_scope_sr.data_offset ();
          }
      }
 
    return found;
  }
 
  bool script_stack_frame::get_val_offsets (const symbol_record& sym,
                                            std::size_t& frame_offset,
                                            std::size_t& data_offset) const
  {
    data_offset = sym.data_offset ();
    frame_offset = sym.frame_offset ();
 
    if (frame_offset == 0)
      {
        // An out of range data_offset value here means that we have a
        // symbol that was not originally in the script.  But this
        // function is called in places where we can't insert a new
        // symbol, so we fail and it is up to the caller to decide what
        // to do.
 
        if (data_offset >= size ())
          return get_val_offsets_internal (sym, frame_offset, data_offset);
 
        // Use frame and value offsets stored in this stack frame,
        // indexed by data_offset from the symbol_record to find the
        // values.  These offsets were determined by
        // script_stack_frame::set_script_offsets when this script was
        // invoked.
 
        frame_offset = m_lexical_frame_offsets.at (data_offset);
 
        if (frame_offset == 0)
          {
            // If the frame offset stored in m_lexical_frame_offsets is
            // zero, then the data offset in the evaluation scope has
            // not been determined so try to do that now.  The symbol
            // may have been added by eval and without calling
            // resize_and_update_script_offsets.
 
            return get_val_offsets_internal (sym, frame_offset, data_offset);
          }
 
        data_offset = m_value_offsets.at (data_offset);
      }
    else
      {
        // If frame_offset is not zero, then then we must have a symbol
        // that was not originally in the script.  The values should
        // have been determined by the script_stack_frame::lookup function.
      }
 
    return true;
  }
 
  void script_stack_frame::get_val_offsets_with_insert (const symbol_record& sym,
                                                        std::size_t& frame_offset,
                                                        std::size_t& data_offset)
  {
    data_offset = sym.data_offset ();
    frame_offset = sym.frame_offset ();
 
    if (frame_offset == 0)
      {
        if (data_offset >= size ())
          {
            // If the data_offset is out of range, then we must have a
            // symbol that was not originally in the script.  Resize and
            // update the offsets.
 
            resize_and_update_script_offsets (sym);
          }
 
        // Use frame and value offsets stored in this stack frame,
        // indexed by data_offset from the symbol_record to find the
        // values.  These offsets were determined by
        // script_stack_frame::set_script_offsets when this script was
        // invoked.
 
        frame_offset = m_lexical_frame_offsets.at (data_offset);
 
        if (frame_offset == 0)
          {
            // If the frame offset stored in m_lexical_frame_offsets is
            // zero, then the data offset in the evaluation scope has
            // not been determined so try to do that now.  The symbol
            // may have been added by eval and without calling
            // resize_and_update_script_offsets.
 
            // We don't need to resize here.  That case is handled above.
 
            // FIXME: We should be able to avoid creating the map object
            // and the looping in the set_scripts_offsets_internal
            // function.  Can we do that without (or with minimal) code
            // duplication?
 
            std::map<std::string, symbol_record> tmp_symbols;
            tmp_symbols[sym.name ()] = sym;
            set_script_offsets_internal (tmp_symbols);
 
            // set_script_offsets_internal may have modified
            // m_lexical_frame_offsets and m_value_offsets.
 
            frame_offset = m_lexical_frame_offsets.at (data_offset);
          }
 
        data_offset = m_value_offsets.at (data_offset);
      }
    else
      {
        // If frame_offset is not zero, then then we must have a symbol
        // that was not originally in the script.  The values were
        // determined by the script_stack_frame::lookup function.
      }
  }
 
  stack_frame::scope_flags
  script_stack_frame::scope_flag (const symbol_record& sym) const
  {
    std::size_t frame_offset;
    std::size_t data_offset;
 
    bool found = get_val_offsets (sym, frame_offset, data_offset);
 
    // It can't be global or persistent, so call it local.
    if (! found)
      return LOCAL;
 
    // Follow frame_offset access links to stack frame that holds
    // the value.
 
    const stack_frame *frame = this;
 
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < frame_offset; i++)
      {
        std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> nxt = frame->access_link ();
        frame = nxt.get ();
      }
 
    if (! frame)
      error ("internal error: invalid access link in function call stack");
 
    if (data_offset >= frame->size ())
      return LOCAL;
 
    return frame->get_scope_flag (data_offset);
  }
 
  octave_value script_stack_frame::varval (const symbol_record& sym) const
  {
    std::size_t frame_offset;
    std::size_t data_offset;
 
    bool found = get_val_offsets (sym, frame_offset, data_offset);
 
    if (! found)
      return octave_value ();
 
    // Follow frame_offset access links to stack frame that holds
    // the value.
 
    const stack_frame *frame = this;
 
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < frame_offset; i++)
      {
        std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> nxt = frame->access_link ();
        frame = nxt.get ();
      }
 
    if (! frame)
      error ("internal error: invalid access link in function call stack");
 
    if (data_offset >= frame->size ())
      return octave_value ();
 
    switch (frame->get_scope_flag (data_offset))
      {
      case LOCAL:
        return frame->varval (data_offset);
 
      case PERSISTENT:
        {
          symbol_scope scope = frame->get_scope ();
 
          return scope.persistent_varval (data_offset);
        }
 
      case GLOBAL:
        return m_evaluator.global_varval (sym.name ());
      }
 
    error ("internal error: invalid switch case");
  }
 
  octave_value& script_stack_frame::varref (const symbol_record& sym)
  {
    std::size_t frame_offset;
    std::size_t data_offset;
    get_val_offsets_with_insert (sym, frame_offset, data_offset);
 
    // Follow frame_offset access links to stack frame that holds
    // the value.
 
    stack_frame *frame = this;
 
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < frame_offset; i++)
      {
        std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> nxt = frame->access_link ();
        frame = nxt.get ();
      }
 
    if (data_offset >= frame->size ())
      frame->resize (data_offset+1);
 
    switch (frame->get_scope_flag (data_offset))
      {
      case LOCAL:
        return frame->varref (data_offset);
 
      case PERSISTENT:
        {
          symbol_scope scope = frame->get_scope ();
 
          return scope.persistent_varref (data_offset);
        }
 
      case GLOBAL:
        return m_evaluator.global_varref (sym.name ());
      }
 
    error ("internal error: invalid switch case");
  }
 
  void script_stack_frame::mark_scope (const symbol_record& sym,
                                       scope_flags flag)
  {
    std::size_t data_offset = sym.data_offset ();
 
    if (data_offset >= size ())
      resize_and_update_script_offsets (sym);
 
    // Redirection to evaluation context for the script.
 
    std::size_t frame_offset = m_lexical_frame_offsets.at (data_offset);
    data_offset = m_value_offsets.at (data_offset);
 
    if (frame_offset > 1)
      error ("variables must be made PERSISTENT or GLOBAL in the first scope in which they are used");
 
    std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> frame = access_link ();
 
    if (data_offset >= frame->size ())
      frame->resize (data_offset+1);
 
    frame->set_scope_flag (data_offset, flag);
  }
 
  void script_stack_frame::display (bool follow) const
  {
    std::ostream& os = octave_stdout;
 
    os << "-- [script_stack_frame] (" << this << ") --" << std::endl;
    stack_frame::display (follow);
 
    os << "script: " << m_script->name ()
       << " (" << m_script->type_name () << ")" << std::endl;
 
    os << "lexical_offsets: " << m_lexical_frame_offsets.size ()
       << " elements:";
 
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < m_lexical_frame_offsets.size (); i++)
      os << "  " << m_lexical_frame_offsets.at (i);
    os << std::endl;
 
    os << "value_offsets: " << m_value_offsets.size () << " elements:";
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < m_value_offsets.size (); i++)
      os << "  " << m_value_offsets.at (i);
    os << std::endl;
 
    display_scope (os, get_scope ());
  }
 
  void script_stack_frame::accept (stack_frame_walker& sfw)
  {
    sfw.visit_script_stack_frame (*this);
  }
 
  void base_value_stack_frame::display (bool follow) const
  {
    std::ostream& os = octave_stdout;
 
    os << "-- [base_value_stack_frame] (" << this << ") --" << std::endl;
    stack_frame::display (follow);
 
    os << "values: " << m_values.size ()
       << " elements (idx, scope flag, type):" << std::endl;
 
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < m_values.size (); i++)
      {
        os << "  (" << i << ", " << m_flags.at (i) << ", ";
 
        octave_value val = varval (i);
 
        os << (val.is_defined () ? val.type_name () : " UNDEFINED") << ")"
           << std::endl;
      }
  }
 
  // If this is a nested scope, set access_link to nearest parent
  // stack frame that corresponds to the lexical parent of this scope.
 
  std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>
  user_fcn_stack_frame::get_access_link (octave_user_function *fcn,
                                         const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& static_link)
  {
    std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> alink;
 
    symbol_scope fcn_scope = fcn->scope ();
 
    if (fcn_scope.is_nested ())
      {
        if (! static_link)
          error ("internal call stack error (invalid static link)");
 
        symbol_scope caller_scope = static_link->get_scope ();
 
        int nesting_depth = fcn_scope.nesting_depth ();
        int caller_nesting_depth = caller_scope.nesting_depth ();
 
        if (caller_nesting_depth < nesting_depth)
          {
            // FIXME: do we need to ensure that the called
            // function is a child of the caller?  Does it hurt
            // to assert this condition, at least for now?
 
            alink = static_link;
          }
        else
          {
            // FIXME: do we need to check that the parent of the
            // called function is also a parent of the caller?
            // Does it hurt to assert this condition, at least
            // for now?
 
            int links_to_follow = caller_nesting_depth - nesting_depth + 1;
 
            alink = static_link;
 
            while (alink && --links_to_follow >= 0)
              alink = alink->access_link ();
 
            if (! alink)
              error ("internal function nesting error (invalid access link)");
          }
      }
 
    return alink;
  }
 
  void user_fcn_stack_frame::clear_values (void)
  {
    symbol_scope fcn_scope = m_fcn->scope ();
 
    const std::list<symbol_record>& symbols = fcn_scope.symbol_list ();
 
    if (size () == 0)
      return;
 
    for (const auto& sym : symbols)
      {
        std::size_t frame_offset = sym.frame_offset ();
 
        if (frame_offset > 0)
          continue;
 
        std::size_t data_offset = sym.data_offset ();
 
        if (data_offset >= size ())
          continue;
 
        if (get_scope_flag (data_offset) == LOCAL)
          {
            octave_value& ref = m_values.at (data_offset);
 
            if (ref.get_count () == 1)
              {
                ref.call_object_destructor ();
                ref = octave_value ();
              }
          }
      }
  }
 
  unwind_protect * user_fcn_stack_frame::unwind_protect_frame (void)
  {
    if (! m_unwind_protect_frame)
      m_unwind_protect_frame = new unwind_protect ();
 
    return m_unwind_protect_frame;
  }
 
  symbol_record user_fcn_stack_frame::lookup_symbol (const std::string& name) const
  {
    const stack_frame *frame = this;
 
    while (frame)
      {
        symbol_scope scope = frame->get_scope ();
 
        symbol_record sym = scope.lookup_symbol (name);
 
        if (sym)
          return sym;
 
        std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> nxt = frame->access_link ();
        frame = nxt.get ();
      }
 
    return symbol_record ();
  }
 
  symbol_record user_fcn_stack_frame::insert_symbol (const std::string& name)
  {
    // If the symbols is already in the immediate scope, there is
    // nothing more to do.
 
    symbol_scope scope = get_scope ();
 
    symbol_record sym = scope.lookup_symbol (name);
 
    if (sym)
      return sym;
 
    // FIXME: This needs some thought... We may need to add a symbol to
    // a static workspace, but the symbol can never be defined as a
    // variable.  This currently works by tagging the added symbol as
    // "added_static".  Aside from the bad name, this doesn't seem like
    // the best solution.  Maybe scopes should have a separate set of
    // symbols that may only be defined as functions?
 
    // Insert the symbol in the current scope.  This is not possible for
    // anonymous functions, nested functions, or functions that contain
    // nested functions (their scopes will all be marked static).
 
    //    if (scope.is_static ())
    //      error ("can not add variable '%s' to a static workspace",
    //             name.c_str ());
 
    // At this point, non-local references are not possible so we only
    // need to look in the current scope and insert there.  This
    // operation should never fail.
 
    sym = scope.find_symbol (name);
 
    assert (sym);
 
    return sym;
  }
 
  stack_frame::scope_flags
  user_fcn_stack_frame::scope_flag (const symbol_record& sym) const
  {
    std::size_t frame_offset = sym.frame_offset ();
    std::size_t data_offset = sym.data_offset ();
 
    // Follow frame_offset access links to stack frame that holds
    // the value.
 
    const stack_frame *frame = this;
 
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < frame_offset; i++)
      {
        std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> nxt = frame->access_link ();
        frame = nxt.get ();
      }
 
    if (! frame)
      error ("internal error: invalid access link in function call stack");
 
    if (data_offset >= frame->size ())
      return LOCAL;
 
    return frame->get_scope_flag (data_offset);
  }
 
  octave_value user_fcn_stack_frame::varval (const symbol_record& sym) const
  {
    std::size_t frame_offset = sym.frame_offset ();
    std::size_t data_offset = sym.data_offset ();
 
    // Follow frame_offset access links to stack frame that holds
    // the value.
 
    const stack_frame *frame = this;
 
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < frame_offset; i++)
      {
        std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> nxt = frame->access_link ();
        frame = nxt.get ();
      }
 
    if (! frame)
      error ("internal error: invalid access link in function call stack");
 
    if (data_offset >= frame->size ())
      return octave_value ();
 
    switch (frame->get_scope_flag (data_offset))
      {
      case LOCAL:
        return frame->varval (data_offset);
 
      case PERSISTENT:
        {
          symbol_scope scope = frame->get_scope ();
 
          return scope.persistent_varval (data_offset);
        }
 
      case GLOBAL:
        return m_evaluator.global_varval (sym.name ());
      }
 
    error ("internal error: invalid switch case");
  }
 
  octave_value& user_fcn_stack_frame::varref (const symbol_record& sym)
  {
    std::size_t frame_offset = sym.frame_offset ();
    std::size_t data_offset = sym.data_offset ();
 
    // Follow frame_offset access links to stack frame that holds
    // the value.
 
    stack_frame *frame = this;
 
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < frame_offset; i++)
      {
        std::shared_ptr<stack_frame> nxt = frame->access_link ();
        frame = nxt.get ();
      }
 
    if (data_offset >= frame->size ())
      frame->resize (data_offset+1);
 
    switch (frame->get_scope_flag (data_offset))
      {
      case LOCAL:
        return frame->varref (data_offset);
 
      case PERSISTENT:
        {
          symbol_scope scope = frame->get_scope ();
 
          return scope.persistent_varref (data_offset);
        }
 
      case GLOBAL:
        return m_evaluator.global_varref (sym.name ());
      }
 
    error ("internal error: invalid switch case");
  }
 
  void user_fcn_stack_frame::mark_scope (const symbol_record& sym, scope_flags flag)
  {
    std::size_t frame_offset = sym.frame_offset ();
 
    if (frame_offset > 0 && (flag == PERSISTENT || flag == GLOBAL))
      error ("variables must be made PERSISTENT or GLOBAL in the first scope in which they are used");
 
    std::size_t data_offset = sym.data_offset ();
 
    if (data_offset >= size ())
      resize (data_offset+1);
 
    set_scope_flag (data_offset, flag);
  }
 
  void user_fcn_stack_frame::display (bool follow) const
  {
    std::ostream& os = octave_stdout;
 
    os << "-- [user_fcn_stack_frame] (" << this << ") --" << std::endl;
    base_value_stack_frame::display (follow);
 
    os << "fcn: " << m_fcn->name ()
       << " (" << m_fcn->type_name () << ")" << std::endl;
 
    display_scope (os, get_scope ());
  }
 
  void user_fcn_stack_frame::accept (stack_frame_walker& sfw)
  {
    sfw.visit_user_fcn_stack_frame (*this);
  }
 
  void user_fcn_stack_frame::break_closure_cycles (const std::shared_ptr<stack_frame>& frame)
  {
    for (auto& val : m_values)
      val.break_closure_cycles (frame);
 
    if (m_access_link)
      m_access_link->break_closure_cycles (frame);
  }
 
  symbol_record scope_stack_frame::insert_symbol (const std::string& name)
  {
    // There is no access link for scope frames, so there is no other
    // frame to search in and the offset must be zero.
 
    symbol_record sym = m_scope.lookup_symbol (name);
 
    if (sym)
      return sym;
 
    // If the symbol is not found, insert it.  We only need to search in
    // the local scope object.  This operation should never fail.
 
    sym = m_scope.find_symbol (name);
 
    assert (sym);
 
    return sym;
  }
 
  stack_frame::scope_flags
  scope_stack_frame::scope_flag (const symbol_record& sym) const
  {
    // There is no access link for scope frames, so the frame
    // offset must be zero.
 
    std::size_t data_offset = sym.data_offset ();
 
    if (data_offset >= size ())
      return LOCAL;
 
    return get_scope_flag (data_offset);
  }
 
  octave_value scope_stack_frame::varval (const symbol_record& sym) const
  {
    // There is no access link for scope frames, so the frame
    // offset must be zero.
 
    std::size_t data_offset = sym.data_offset ();
 
    if (data_offset >= size ())
      return octave_value ();
 
    switch (get_scope_flag (data_offset))
      {
      case LOCAL:
        return m_values.at (data_offset);
 
      case PERSISTENT:
        return m_scope.persistent_varval (data_offset);
 
      case GLOBAL:
        return m_evaluator.global_varval (sym.name ());
      }
 
    error ("internal error: invalid switch case");
  }
 
  octave_value& scope_stack_frame::varref (const symbol_record& sym)
  {
    // There is no access link for scope frames, so the frame
    // offset must be zero.
 
    std::size_t data_offset = sym.data_offset ();
 
    if (data_offset >= size ())
      resize (data_offset+1);
 
    switch (get_scope_flag (data_offset))
      {
      case LOCAL:
        return m_values.at (data_offset);
 
      case PERSISTENT:
        return m_scope.persistent_varref (data_offset);
 
      case GLOBAL:
        return m_evaluator.global_varref (sym.name ());
      }
 
    error ("internal error: invalid switch case");
  }
 
  void scope_stack_frame::mark_scope (const symbol_record& sym,
                                      scope_flags flag)
  {
    // There is no access link for scope frames, so the frame
    // offset must be zero.
 
    std::size_t data_offset = sym.data_offset ();
 
    if (data_offset >= size ())
      resize (data_offset+1);
 
    set_scope_flag (data_offset, flag);
  }
 
  void scope_stack_frame::display (bool follow) const
  {
    std::ostream& os = octave_stdout;
 
    os << "-- [scope_stack_frame] (" << this << ") --" << std::endl;
    base_value_stack_frame::display (follow);
 
    display_scope (os, m_scope);
  }
 
  void scope_stack_frame::accept (stack_frame_walker& sfw)
  {
    sfw.visit_scope_stack_frame (*this);
  }
}