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Octave supports various kinds of conversions between strings and numbers. As an example, it is possible to convert a string containing a hexadecimal number to a floating point number.
hex2dec ("FF")
⇒ 255
Return the decimal number corresponding to the binary number represented by the string s.
For example:
bin2dec ("1110")
⇒ 14
Spaces are ignored during conversion and may be used to make the binary number more readable.
bin2dec ("1000 0001")
⇒ 129
If s is a string matrix, return a column vector with one converted number per row of s; Invalid rows evaluate to NaN.
If s is a cell array of strings, return a column vector with one converted number per cell element in s.
Return a binary number corresponding to the non-negative integer d, as a string of ones and zeros.
For example:
dec2bin (14)
⇒ "1110"
If d is a matrix or cell array, return a string matrix with one row per element in d, padded with leading zeros to the width of the largest value.
The optional second argument, len, specifies the minimum number of digits in the result.
Return the hexadecimal string corresponding to the non-negative integer d.
For example:
dec2hex (2748)
⇒ "ABC"
If d is a matrix or cell array, return a string matrix with one row per element in d, padded with leading zeros to the width of the largest value.
The optional second argument, len, specifies the minimum number of digits in the result.
Return the integer corresponding to the hexadecimal number represented by the string s.
For example:
hex2dec ("12B")
⇒ 299
hex2dec ("12b")
⇒ 299
If s is a string matrix, return a column vector with one converted number per row of s; Invalid rows evaluate to NaN.
If s is a cell array of strings, return a column vector with one converted number per cell element in s.
Return a string of symbols in base base corresponding to the non-negative integer d.
dec2base (123, 3) ⇒ "11120"
If d is a matrix or cell array, return a string matrix with one row per element in d, padded with leading zeros to the width of the largest value.
If base is a string then the characters of base are used as the symbols for the digits of d. Space (’ ’) may not be used as a symbol.
dec2base (123, "aei") ⇒ "eeeia"
The optional third argument, len, specifies the minimum number of digits in the result.
Convert s from a string of digits in base base to a decimal integer (base 10).
base2dec ("11120", 3)
⇒ 123
If s is a string matrix, return a column vector with one value per row of s. If a row contains invalid symbols then the corresponding value will be NaN.
If s is a cell array of strings, return a column vector with one value per cell element in s.
If base is a string, the characters of base are used as the symbols for the digits of s. Space (’ ’) may not be used as a symbol.
base2dec ("yyyzx", "xyz")
⇒ 123
Convert a numeric array to an array of hexadecimal strings.
For example:
num2hex ([-1, 1, e, Inf])
⇒ "bff0000000000000
3ff0000000000000
4005bf0a8b145769
7ff0000000000000"
If the argument n is a single precision number or vector, the returned string has a length of 8. For example:
num2hex (single ([-1, 1, e, Inf]))
⇒ "bf800000
3f800000
402df854
7f800000"
With the optional second argument "cell, return a cell array of
strings instead of a character array.
Typecast a hexadecimal character array or cell array of strings to an array of numbers.
By default, the input array is interpreted as a hexadecimal number
representing a double precision value. If fewer than 16 characters are
given the strings are right padded with '0' characters.
Given a string matrix, hex2num treats each row as a separate number.
hex2num (["4005bf0a8b145769"; "4024000000000000"]) ⇒ [2.7183; 10.000]
The optional second argument class may be used to cause the input array to be interpreted as a different value type. Possible values are
| Option | Characters |
|---|---|
"int8" | 2 |
"uint8" | 2 |
"int16" | 4 |
"uint16" | 4 |
"int32" | 8 |
"uint32" | 8 |
"int64" | 16 |
"uint64" | 16 |
"char" | 2 |
"single" | 8 |
"double" | 16 |
For example:
hex2num (["402df854"; "41200000"], "single") ⇒ [2.7183; 10.000]
Convert a string to a real or complex number.
The string must be in one of the following formats where a and b are real
numbers and the complex unit is 'i' or 'j':
If present, a and/or b are of the form [+-]d[,.]d[[eE][+-]d] where
the brackets indicate optional arguments and 'd' indicates zero or
more digits. The special input values Inf, NaN, and NA
are also accepted.
s may be a character string, character matrix, or cell array. For character arrays the conversion is repeated for every row, and a double or complex array is returned. Empty rows in s are deleted and not returned in the numeric array. For cell arrays each character string element is processed and a double or complex array of the same dimensions as s is returned.
For unconvertible scalar or character string input str2double returns
a NaN. Similarly, for character array input str2double returns a
NaN for any row of s that could not be converted. For a cell array,
str2double returns a NaN for any element of s for which
conversion fails. Note that numeric elements in a mixed string/numeric
cell array are not strings and the conversion will fail for these elements
and return NaN.
str2double can replace str2num, and it avoids the security
risk of using eval on unknown data.
See also: str2num.
Return the text, s, justified according to pos, which may
be "left", "center", or "right".
If pos is omitted it defaults to "right".
Null characters are replaced by spaces. All other character data are treated as non-white space.
Example:
strjust (["a"; "ab"; "abc"; "abcd"])
⇒
" a"
" ab"
" abc"
"abcd"
Convert the string (or character array) s to a number (or an array).
Examples:
str2num ("3.141596")
⇒ 3.141596
str2num (["1, 2, 3"; "4, 5, 6"])
⇒ 1 2 3
4 5 6
The optional second output, state, is logically true when the conversion is successful. If the conversion fails the numeric output, x, is empty and state is false.
Caution: As str2num uses the eval function to do the
conversion, str2num will execute any code contained in the string
s. Use str2double for a safer and faster conversion.
For cell array of strings use str2double.
See also: str2double, eval.
Return a copy of the string or cell string s, with each uppercase character replaced by the corresponding lowercase one; non-alphabetic characters are left unchanged.
For example:
tolower ("MiXeD cAsE 123")
⇒ "mixed case 123"
See also: toupper.
Return a copy of the string or cell string s, with each lowercase character replaced by the corresponding uppercase one; non-alphabetic characters are left unchanged.
For example:
toupper ("MiXeD cAsE 123")
⇒ "MIXED CASE 123"
See also: tolower.
Convert UTF-8 string utf8_str to byte stream using codepage.
The character vector utf8_str is converted to a byte stream
native_bytes using the code page given by codepage. The
string codepage must be an identifier of a valid code page.
Examples for valid code pages are "ISO-8859-1",
"Shift-JIS", or "UTF-16". For a list of supported code
pages, see https://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv. If codepage
is omitted or empty, the system default codepage is used.
If any of the characters cannot be mapped into the codepage codepage, they are replaced with the appropriate substitution sequence for that codepage.
See also: native2unicode.
Convert byte stream native_bytes to UTF-8 using codepage.
The numbers in the vector native_bytes are rounded and clipped to
integers between 0 and 255. This byte stream is then mapped into the
code page given by the string codepage and returned in the string
utf8_str. Octave uses UTF-8 as its internal encoding. The string
codepage must be an identifier of a valid code page. Examples for
valid code pages are "ISO-8859-1", "Shift-JIS", or
"UTF-16". For a list of supported code pages, see
https://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv. If codepage is omitted
or empty, the system default codepage is used.
If native_bytes is a string vector, it is returned as is.
See also: unicode2native.
Convert escape sequences in string to the characters they represent.
Escape sequences begin with a leading backslash
('\') followed by 1–3 characters
(.e.g., "\n" => newline).
See also: undo_string_escapes.
Convert special characters in strings back to their escaped forms.
For example, the expression
bell = "\a";
assigns the value of the alert character (control-g, ASCII code 7) to the
string variable bell. If this string is printed, the system will
ring the terminal bell (if it is possible). This is normally the desired
outcome. However, sometimes it is useful to be able to print the original
representation of the string, with the special characters replaced by their
escape sequences. For example,
octave:13> undo_string_escapes (bell) ans = \a
replaces the unprintable alert character with its printable representation.
See also: do_string_escapes.
Next: Character Class Functions, Previous: Manipulating Strings, Up: Strings [Contents][Index]