In programming, a loop means a part of a program that is (or at least can be) executed two or more times in succession.
The while statement is the simplest looping statement in Octave.
It repeatedly executes a statement as long as a condition is true. As
with the condition in an if statement, the condition in a
while statement is considered true if its value is nonzero, and
false if its value is zero. If the value of the conditional expression
in a while statement is a vector or a matrix, it is considered
true only if it is non-empty and all of the elements are nonzero.
Octave’s while statement looks like this:
while (condition) body endwhile
Here body is a statement or list of statements that we call the body of the loop, and condition is an expression that controls how long the loop keeps running.
The first thing the while statement does is test condition.
If condition is true, it executes the statement body. After
body has been executed, condition is tested again, and if it
is still true, body is executed again. This process repeats until
condition is no longer true. If condition is initially
false, the body of the loop is never executed.
This example creates a variable fib that contains the first ten
elements of the Fibonacci sequence.
fib = ones (1, 10); i = 3; while (i <= 10) fib (i) = fib (i-1) + fib (i-2); i++; endwhile
Here the body of the loop contains two statements.
The loop works like this: first, the value of i is set to 3.
Then, the while tests whether i is less than or equal to
10. This is the case when i equals 3, so the value of the
i-th element of fib is set to the sum of the previous two
values in the sequence. Then the i++ increments the value of
i and the loop repeats. The loop terminates when i
reaches 11.
A newline is not required between the condition and the body; but using one makes the program clearer unless the body is very simple.