graphics.cc

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/*

Copyright (C) 2007-2013 John W. Eaton

This file is part of Octave.

Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.

Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with Octave; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

*/

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif

#include <cctype>
#include <cfloat>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>

#include <algorithm>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>

#include "cmd-edit.h"
#include "file-ops.h"
#include "file-stat.h"
#include "oct-locbuf.h"
#include "singleton-cleanup.h"

#include "builtins.h"
#include "cutils.h"
#include "defun.h"
#include "display.h"
#include "error.h"
#include "graphics.h"
#include "input.h"
#include "ov.h"
#include "oct-obj.h"
#include "oct-map.h"
#include "ov-fcn-handle.h"
#include "pager.h"
#include "parse.h"
#include "toplev.h"
#include "txt-eng-ft.h"
#include "unwind-prot.h"

// forward declarations
static octave_value xget (const graphics_handle& h, const caseless_str& name);

static void
gripe_set_invalid (const std::string& pname)
{
  error ("set: invalid value for %s property", pname.c_str ());
}

// Check to see that PNAME matches just one of PNAMES uniquely.
// Return the full name of the match, or an empty caseless_str object
// if there is no match, or the match is ambiguous.

static caseless_str
validate_property_name (const std::string& who, const std::string& what,
                        const std::set<std::string>& pnames,
                        const caseless_str& pname)
{
  size_t len = pname.length ();
  std::set<std::string> matches;

  for (std::set<std::string>::const_iterator p = pnames.begin ();
       p != pnames.end (); p++)
    {
      if (pname.compare (*p, len))
        {
          if (len == p->length ())
            {
              // Exact match.
              return pname;
            }

          matches.insert (*p);
        }
    }

  size_t num_matches = matches.size ();

  if (num_matches == 0)
    {
      error ("%s: unknown %s property %s",
             who.c_str (), what.c_str (), pname.c_str ());
    }
  else if (num_matches > 1)
    {
      string_vector sv (matches);

      std::ostringstream os;

      sv.list_in_columns (os);

      std::string match_list = os.str ();

      error ("%s: ambiguous %s property name %s; possible matches:\n\n%s",
             who.c_str (), what.c_str (), pname.c_str (), match_list.c_str ());
    }
  else if (num_matches == 1)
    {
      // Exact match was handled above.

      std::string possible_match = *(matches.begin ());

      warning_with_id ("Octave:abbreviated-property-match",
                       "%s: allowing %s to match %s property %s",
                       who.c_str (), pname.c_str (), what.c_str (),
                       possible_match.c_str ());

      return possible_match;
    }

  return caseless_str ();
}

static Matrix
jet_colormap (void)
{
  Matrix cmap (64, 3, 0.0);

  // Produce X in the same manner as linspace so that
  // jet_colormap and jet.m produce *exactly* the same result.
  double delta = 1.0 / 63.0;

  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < 64; i++)
    {
      // This is the jet colormap.  It would be nice to be able
      // to feval the jet function but since there is a static
      // property object that includes a colormap_property
      // object, we need to initialize this before main is even
      // called, so calling an interpreted function is not
      // possible.

      double x = i*delta;

      if (x >= 3.0/8.0 && x < 5.0/8.0)
        cmap(i,0) = 4.0 * x - 3.0/2.0;
      else if (x >= 5.0/8.0 && x < 7.0/8.0)
        cmap(i,0) = 1.0;
      else if (x >= 7.0/8.0)
        cmap(i,0) = -4.0 * x + 9.0/2.0;

      if (x >= 1.0/8.0 && x < 3.0/8.0)
        cmap(i,1) = 4.0 * x - 1.0/2.0;
      else if (x >= 3.0/8.0 && x < 5.0/8.0)
        cmap(i,1) = 1.0;
      else if (x >= 5.0/8.0 && x < 7.0/8.0)
        cmap(i,1) = -4.0 * x + 7.0/2.0;

      if (x < 1.0/8.0)
        cmap(i,2) = 4.0 * x + 1.0/2.0;
      else if (x >= 1.0/8.0 && x < 3.0/8.0)
        cmap(i,2) = 1.0;
      else if (x >= 3.0/8.0 && x < 5.0/8.0)
        cmap(i,2) = -4.0 * x + 5.0/2.0;
    }

  return cmap;
}

static double
default_screendepth (void)
{
  return display_info::depth ();
}

static Matrix
default_screensize (void)
{
  Matrix retval (1, 4, 1.0);

  retval(2) = display_info::width ();
  retval(3) = display_info::height ();

  return retval;
}

static double
default_screenpixelsperinch (void)
{
  return (display_info::x_dpi () + display_info::y_dpi ()) / 2;
}

static Matrix
default_colororder (void)
{
  Matrix retval (7, 3, 0.0);

  retval(0,2) = 1.0;

  retval(1,1) = 0.5;

  retval(2,0) = 1.0;

  retval(3,1) = 0.75;
  retval(3,2) = 0.75;

  retval(4,0) = 0.75;
  retval(4,2) = 0.75;

  retval(5,0) = 0.75;
  retval(5,1) = 0.75;

  retval(6,0) = 0.25;
  retval(6,1) = 0.25;
  retval(6,2) = 0.25;

  return retval;
}

static Matrix
default_lim (bool logscale = false)
{
  Matrix m (1, 2, 0);

  if (logscale)
    {
      m(0) = 0.1;
      m(1) = 1.0;
    }
  else
    m(1) = 1;

  return m;
}

static Matrix
default_data (void)
{
  Matrix retval (1, 2);

  retval(0) = 0;
  retval(1) = 1;

  return retval;
}

static Matrix
default_axes_position (void)
{
  Matrix m (1, 4, 0.0);
  m(0) = 0.13;
  m(1) = 0.11;
  m(2) = 0.775;
  m(3) = 0.815;
  return m;
}

static Matrix
default_axes_outerposition (void)
{
  Matrix m (1, 4, 0.0);
  m(2) = m(3) = 1.0;
  return m;
}

static Matrix
default_axes_tick (void)
{
  Matrix m (1, 6, 0.0);
  m(0) = 0.0;
  m(1) = 0.2;
  m(2) = 0.4;
  m(3) = 0.6;
  m(4) = 0.8;
  m(5) = 1.0;
  return m;
}

static Matrix
default_axes_ticklength (void)
{
  Matrix m (1, 2, 0.0);
  m(0) = 0.01;
  m(1) = 0.025;
  return m;
}

static Matrix
default_figure_position (void)
{
  Matrix m (1, 4, 0.0);
  m(0) = 300;
  m(1) = 200;
  m(2) = 560;
  m(3) = 420;
  return m;
}

static Matrix
default_figure_papersize (void)
{
  Matrix m (1, 2, 0.0);
  m(0) = 8.5;
  m(1) = 11.0;
  return m;
}

static Matrix
default_figure_paperposition (void)
{
  Matrix m (1, 4, 0.0);
  m(0) = 0.25;
  m(1) = 2.50;
  m(2) = 8.00;
  m(3) = 6.00;
  return m;
}

static Matrix
default_control_position (void)
{
  Matrix retval (1, 4, 0.0);

  retval(0) = 0;
  retval(1) = 0;
  retval(2) = 80;
  retval(3) = 30;

  return retval;
}

static Matrix
default_control_sliderstep (void)
{
  Matrix retval (1, 2, 0.0);

  retval(0) = 0.01;
  retval(1) = 0.1;

  return retval;
}

static Matrix
default_panel_position (void)
{
  Matrix retval (1, 4, 0.0);

  retval(0) = 0;
  retval(1) = 0;
  retval(2) = 0.5;
  retval(3) = 0.5;

  return retval;
}

static double
convert_font_size (double font_size, const caseless_str& from_units,
                   const caseless_str& to_units, double parent_height = 0)
{
  // Simple case where from_units == to_units

  if (from_units.compare (to_units))
    return font_size;

  // Converts the given fontsize using the following transformation:
  // <old_font_size> => points => <new_font_size>

  double points_size = 0;
  double res = 0;

  if (from_units.compare ("points"))
    points_size = font_size;
  else
    {
      res = xget (0, "screenpixelsperinch").double_value ();

      if (from_units.compare ("pixels"))
        points_size = font_size * 72.0 / res;
      else if (from_units.compare ("inches"))
        points_size = font_size * 72.0;
      else if (from_units.compare ("centimeters"))
        points_size = font_size * 72.0 / 2.54;
      else if (from_units.compare ("normalized"))
        points_size = font_size * parent_height * 72.0 / res;
    }

  double new_font_size = 0;

  if (to_units.compare ("points"))
    new_font_size = points_size;
  else
    {
      if (res <= 0)
        res = xget (0, "screenpixelsperinch").double_value ();

      if (to_units.compare ("pixels"))
        new_font_size = points_size * res / 72.0;
      else if (to_units.compare ("inches"))
        new_font_size = points_size / 72.0;
      else if (to_units.compare ("centimeters"))
        new_font_size = points_size * 2.54 / 72.0;
      else if (to_units.compare ("normalized"))
        {
          // Avoid setting font size to (0/0) = NaN

          if (parent_height > 0)
            new_font_size = points_size * res / (parent_height * 72.0);
        }
    }

  return new_font_size;
}

static Matrix
convert_position (const Matrix& pos, const caseless_str& from_units,
                  const caseless_str& to_units, const Matrix& parent_dim)
{
  Matrix retval (1, pos.numel ());
  double res = 0;
  bool is_rectangle = (pos.numel () == 4);
  bool is_2d = (pos.numel () == 2);

  if (from_units.compare ("pixels"))
    retval = pos;
  else if (from_units.compare ("normalized"))
    {
      retval(0) = pos(0) * parent_dim(0) + 1;
      retval(1) = pos(1) * parent_dim(1) + 1;
      if (is_rectangle)
        {
          retval(2) = pos(2) * parent_dim(0);
          retval(3) = pos(3) * parent_dim(1);
        }
      else if (! is_2d)
        retval(2) = 0;
    }
  else if (from_units.compare ("characters"))
    {
      if (res <= 0)
        res = xget (0, "screenpixelsperinch").double_value ();

      double f = 0.0;

      // FIXME: this assumes the system font is Helvetica 10pt
      //          (for which "x" requires 6x12 pixels at 74.951 pixels/inch)
      f = 12.0 * res / 74.951;

      if (f > 0)
        {
          retval(0) = 0.5 * pos(0) * f;
          retval(1) = pos(1) * f;
          if (is_rectangle)
            {
              retval(2) = 0.5 * pos(2) * f;
              retval(3) = pos(3) * f;
            }
          else if (! is_2d)
            retval(2) = 0;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      if (res <= 0)
        res = xget (0, "screenpixelsperinch").double_value ();

      double f = 0.0;

      if (from_units.compare ("points"))
        f = res / 72.0;
      else if (from_units.compare ("inches"))
        f = res;
      else if (from_units.compare ("centimeters"))
        f = res / 2.54;

      if (f > 0)
        {
          retval(0) = pos(0) * f + 1;
          retval(1) = pos(1) * f + 1;
          if (is_rectangle)
            {
              retval(2) = pos(2) * f;
              retval(3) = pos(3) * f;
            }
          else if (! is_2d)
            retval(2) = 0;
        }
    }

  if (! to_units.compare ("pixels"))
    {
      if (to_units.compare ("normalized"))
        {
          retval(0) = (retval(0) - 1) / parent_dim(0);
          retval(1) = (retval(1) - 1) / parent_dim(1);
          if (is_rectangle)
            {
              retval(2) /= parent_dim(0);
              retval(3) /= parent_dim(1);
            }
          else if (! is_2d)
            retval(2) = 0;
        }
      else if (to_units.compare ("characters"))
        {
          if (res <= 0)
            res = xget (0, "screenpixelsperinch").double_value ();

          double f = 0.0;

          f = 12.0 * res / 74.951;

          if (f > 0)
            {
              retval(0) = 2 * retval(0) / f;
              retval(1) = retval(1) / f;
              if (is_rectangle)
                {
                  retval(2) = 2 * retval(2) / f;
                  retval(3) = retval(3) / f;
                }
              else if (! is_2d)
                retval(2) = 0;
            }
        }
      else
        {
          if (res <= 0)
            res = xget (0, "screenpixelsperinch").double_value ();

          double f = 0.0;

          if (to_units.compare ("points"))
            f = res / 72.0;
          else if (to_units.compare ("inches"))
            f = res;
          else if (to_units.compare ("centimeters"))
            f = res / 2.54;

          if (f > 0)
            {
              retval(0) = (retval(0) - 1) / f;
              retval(1) = (retval(1) - 1) / f;
              if (is_rectangle)
                {
                  retval(2) /= f;
                  retval(3) /= f;
                }
              else if (! is_2d)
                retval(2) = 0;
            }
        }
    }
  else if (! is_rectangle && ! is_2d)
    retval(2) = 0;

  return retval;
}

static Matrix
convert_text_position (const Matrix& pos, const text::properties& props,
                       const caseless_str& from_units,
                       const caseless_str& to_units)
{
  graphics_object go = gh_manager::get_object (props.get___myhandle__ ());
  graphics_object ax = go.get_ancestor ("axes");

  Matrix retval;

  if (ax.valid_object ())
    {
      const axes::properties& ax_props =
        dynamic_cast<const axes::properties&> (ax.get_properties ());
      graphics_xform ax_xform = ax_props.get_transform ();
      bool is_rectangle = (pos.numel () == 4);
      Matrix ax_bbox = ax_props.get_boundingbox (true),
             ax_size = ax_bbox.extract_n (0, 2, 1, 2);

      if (from_units.compare ("data"))
        {
          if (is_rectangle)
            {
              ColumnVector v1 = ax_xform.transform (pos(0), pos(1), 0),
                           v2 = ax_xform.transform (pos(0) + pos(2),
                                                    pos(1) + pos(3), 0);

              retval.resize (1, 4);

              retval(0) = v1(0) - ax_bbox(0) + 1;
              retval(1) = ax_bbox(1) + ax_bbox(3) - v1(1) + 1;
              retval(2) = v2(0) - v1(0);
              retval(3) = v1(1) - v2(1);
            }
          else
            {
              ColumnVector v = ax_xform.transform (pos(0), pos(1), pos(2));

              retval.resize (1, 3);

              retval(0) = v(0) - ax_bbox(0) + 1;
              retval(1) = ax_bbox(1) + ax_bbox(3) - v(1) + 1;
              retval(2) = 0;
            }
        }
      else
        retval = convert_position (pos, from_units, "pixels", ax_size);

      if (! to_units.compare ("pixels"))
        {
          if (to_units.compare ("data"))
            {
              if (is_rectangle)
                {
                  ColumnVector v1, v2;
                  v1 = ax_xform.untransform (
                         retval(0)  + ax_bbox(0) - 1,
                         ax_bbox(1) + ax_bbox(3) - retval(1) + 1);
                  v2 = ax_xform.untransform (
                         retval(0)  + retval(2)  + ax_bbox(0) - 1,
                         ax_bbox(1) + ax_bbox(3) - (retval(1) + retval(3)) + 1);

                  retval.resize (1, 4);

                  retval(0) = v1(0);
                  retval(1) = v1(1);
                  retval(2) = v2(0) - v1(0);
                  retval(3) = v2(1) - v1(1);
                }
              else
                {
                  ColumnVector v;
                  v = ax_xform.untransform (
                        retval(0)  + ax_bbox(0) - 1,
                        ax_bbox(1) + ax_bbox(3) - retval(1) + 1);

                  retval.resize (1, 3);

                  retval(0) = v(0);
                  retval(1) = v(1);
                  retval(2) = v(2);
                }
            }
          else
            retval = convert_position (retval, "pixels", to_units, ax_size);
        }
    }

  return retval;
}

// This function always returns the screensize in pixels
static Matrix
screen_size_pixels (void)
{
  graphics_object obj = gh_manager::get_object (0);
  Matrix sz = obj.get ("screensize").matrix_value ();
  return convert_position (sz, obj.get ("units").string_value (), "pixels",
                           sz.extract_n (0, 2, 1, 2)).extract_n (0, 2, 1, 2);
}

static void
convert_cdata_2 (bool is_scaled, double clim_0, double clim_1,
                 const double *cmapv, double x, octave_idx_type lda,
                 octave_idx_type nc, octave_idx_type i, double *av)
{
  if (is_scaled)
    x = xround ((nc - 1) * (x - clim_0) / (clim_1 - clim_0));
  else
    x = xround (x - 1);

  if (xisnan (x))
    {
      av[i]       = x;
      av[i+lda]   = x;
      av[i+2*lda] = x;
    }
  else
    {
      if (x < 0)
        x = 0;
      else if (x >= nc)
        x = (nc - 1);

      octave_idx_type idx = static_cast<octave_idx_type> (x);

      av[i]       = cmapv[idx];
      av[i+lda]   = cmapv[idx+nc];
      av[i+2*lda] = cmapv[idx+2*nc];
    }
}

template <class T>
void
convert_cdata_1 (bool is_scaled, double clim_0, double clim_1,
                 const double *cmapv, const T *cv, octave_idx_type lda,
                 octave_idx_type nc, double *av)
{
  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < lda; i++)
    convert_cdata_2 (is_scaled, clim_0, clim_1, cmapv, cv[i], lda, nc, i, av);
}

static octave_value
convert_cdata (const base_properties& props, const octave_value& cdata,
               bool is_scaled, int cdim)
{
  dim_vector dv (cdata.dims ());

  if (dv.length () == cdim && dv(cdim-1) == 3)
    return cdata;

  Matrix cmap (1, 3, 0.0);
  Matrix clim (1, 2, 0.0);

  graphics_object go = gh_manager::get_object (props.get___myhandle__ ());
  graphics_object fig = go.get_ancestor ("figure");

  if (fig.valid_object ())
    {
      Matrix _cmap = fig.get (caseless_str ("colormap")).matrix_value ();

      if (! error_state)
        cmap = _cmap;
    }

  if (is_scaled)
    {
      graphics_object ax = go.get_ancestor ("axes");

      if (ax.valid_object ())
        {
          Matrix _clim = ax.get (caseless_str ("clim")).matrix_value ();

          if (! error_state)
            clim = _clim;
        }
    }

  dv.resize (cdim);
  dv(cdim-1) = 3;

  NDArray a (dv);

  octave_idx_type lda = a.numel () / static_cast<octave_idx_type> (3);
  octave_idx_type nc = cmap.rows ();

  double *av = a.fortran_vec ();
  const double *cmapv = cmap.data ();

  double clim_0 = clim(0);
  double clim_1 = clim(1);

#define CONVERT_CDATA_1(ARRAY_T, VAL_FN) \
  do \
    { \
      ARRAY_T tmp = cdata. VAL_FN ## array_value (); \
 \
      convert_cdata_1 (is_scaled, clim_0, clim_1, cmapv, \
                       tmp.data (), lda, nc, av); \
    } \
  while (0)

  if (cdata.is_uint8_type ())
    CONVERT_CDATA_1 (uint8NDArray, uint8_);
  else if (cdata.is_single_type ())
    CONVERT_CDATA_1 (FloatNDArray, float_);
  else if (cdata.is_double_type ())
    CONVERT_CDATA_1 (NDArray, );
  else
    error ("unsupported type for cdata (= %s)", cdata.type_name ().c_str ());

#undef CONVERT_CDATA_1

  return octave_value (a);
}

template<class T>
static void
get_array_limits (const Array<T>& m, double& emin, double& emax,
                  double& eminp, double& emaxp)
{
  const T *data = m.data ();
  octave_idx_type n = m.numel ();

  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      double e = double (data[i]);

      // Don't need to test for NaN here as NaN>x and NaN<x is always false
      if (! xisinf (e))
        {
          if (e < emin)
            emin = e;

          if (e > emax)
            emax = e;

          if (e > 0 && e < eminp)
            eminp = e;

          if (e < 0 && e > emaxp)
            emaxp = e;
        }
    }
}

static bool
lookup_object_name (const caseless_str& name, caseless_str& go_name,
                    caseless_str& rest)
{
  int len = name.length ();
  int offset = 0;
  bool result = false;

  if (len >= 4)
    {
      caseless_str pfx = name.substr (0, 4);

      if (pfx.compare ("axes") || pfx.compare ("line")
          || pfx.compare ("text"))
        offset = 4;
      else if (len >= 5)
        {
          pfx = name.substr (0, 5);

          if (pfx.compare ("image") || pfx.compare ("patch"))
            offset = 5;
          else if (len >= 6)
            {
              pfx = name.substr (0, 6);

              if (pfx.compare ("figure") || pfx.compare ("uimenu"))
                offset = 6;
              else if (len >= 7)
                {
                  pfx = name.substr (0, 7);

                  if (pfx.compare ("surface") || pfx.compare ("hggroup")
                      || pfx.compare ("uipanel"))
                    offset = 7;
                  else if (len >= 9)
                    {
                      pfx = name.substr (0, 9);

                      if (pfx.compare ("uicontrol")
                          || pfx.compare ("uitoolbar"))
                        offset = 9;
                      else if (len >= 10)
                        {
                          pfx = name.substr (0, 10);

                          if (pfx.compare ("uipushtool"))
                            offset = 10;
                          else if (len >= 12)
                            {
                              pfx = name.substr (0, 12);

                              if (pfx.compare ("uitoggletool"))
                                offset = 12;
                              else if (len >= 13)
                                {
                                  pfx = name.substr (0, 13);

                                  if (pfx.compare ("uicontextmenu"))
                                    offset = 13;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

      if (offset > 0)
        {
          go_name = pfx;
          rest = name.substr (offset);
          result = true;
        }
    }

  return result;
}

static base_graphics_object*
make_graphics_object_from_type (const caseless_str& type,
                                const graphics_handle& h = graphics_handle (),
                                const graphics_handle& p = graphics_handle ())
{
  base_graphics_object *go = 0;

  if (type.compare ("figure"))
    go = new figure (h, p);
  else if (type.compare ("axes"))
    go = new axes (h, p);
  else if (type.compare ("line"))
    go = new line (h, p);
  else if (type.compare ("text"))
    go = new text (h, p);
  else if (type.compare ("image"))
    go = new image (h, p);
  else if (type.compare ("patch"))
    go = new patch (h, p);
  else if (type.compare ("surface"))
    go = new surface (h, p);
  else if (type.compare ("hggroup"))
    go = new hggroup (h, p);
  else if (type.compare ("uimenu"))
    go = new uimenu (h, p);
  else if (type.compare ("uicontrol"))
    go = new uicontrol (h, p);
  else if (type.compare ("uipanel"))
    go = new uipanel (h, p);
  else if (type.compare ("uicontextmenu"))
    go = new uicontextmenu (h, p);
  else if (type.compare ("uitoolbar"))
    go = new uitoolbar (h, p);
  else if (type.compare ("uipushtool"))
    go = new uipushtool (h, p);
  else if (type.compare ("uitoggletool"))
    go = new uitoggletool (h, p);
  return go;
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------

bool
base_property::set (const octave_value& v, bool do_run, bool do_notify_toolkit)
{
  if (do_set (v))
    {

      // Notify graphics toolkit.
      if (id >= 0 && do_notify_toolkit)
        {
          graphics_object go = gh_manager::get_object (parent);
          if (go)
            go.update (id);
        }

      // run listeners
      if (do_run && ! error_state)
        run_listeners (POSTSET);

      return true;
    }

  return false;
}


void
base_property::run_listeners (listener_mode mode)
{
  const octave_value_list& l = listeners[mode];

  for (int i = 0; i < l.length (); i++)
    {
      gh_manager::execute_listener (parent, l(i));

      if (error_state)
        break;
    }
}

radio_values::radio_values (const std::string& opt_string)
  : default_val (), possible_vals ()
{
  size_t beg = 0;
  size_t len = opt_string.length ();
  bool done = len == 0;

  while (! done)
    {
      size_t end = opt_string.find ('|', beg);

      if (end == std::string::npos)
        {
          end = len;
          done = true;
        }

      std::string t = opt_string.substr (beg, end-beg);

      // Might want more error checking here...
      if (t[0] == '{')
        {
          t = t.substr (1, t.length () - 2);
          default_val = t;
        }
      else if (beg == 0) // ensure default value
        default_val = t;

      possible_vals.insert (t);

      beg = end + 1;
    }
}

std::string
radio_values::values_as_string (void) const
{
  std::string retval;
  for (std::set<caseless_str>::const_iterator it = possible_vals.begin ();
       it != possible_vals.end (); it++)
    {
      if (retval == "")
        {
          if (*it == default_value ())
            retval = "{" + *it + "}";
          else
            retval = *it;
        }
      else
        {
          if (*it == default_value ())
            retval += " | {" + *it + "}";
          else
            retval += " | " + *it;
        }
    }
  if (retval != "")
    retval = "[ " + retval + " ]";
  return retval;
}

Cell
radio_values::values_as_cell (void) const
{
  octave_idx_type i = 0;
  Cell retval (nelem (), 1);
  for (std::set<caseless_str>::const_iterator it = possible_vals.begin ();
       it != possible_vals.end (); it++)
    retval(i++) = std::string (*it);
  return retval;
}

bool
color_values::str2rgb (std::string str)
{
  double tmp_rgb[3] = {0, 0, 0};
  bool retval = true;
  unsigned int len = str.length ();

  std::transform (str.begin (), str.end (), str.begin (), tolower);

  if (str.compare (0, len, "blue", 0, len) == 0)
    tmp_rgb[2] = 1;
  else if (str.compare (0, len, "black", 0, len) == 0
           || str.compare (0, len, "k", 0, len) == 0)
    tmp_rgb[0] = tmp_rgb[1] = tmp_rgb[2] = 0;
  else if (str.compare (0, len, "red", 0, len) == 0)
    tmp_rgb[0] = 1;
  else if (str.compare (0, len, "green", 0, len) == 0)
    tmp_rgb[1] = 1;
  else if (str.compare (0, len, "yellow", 0, len) == 0)
    tmp_rgb[0] = tmp_rgb[1] = 1;
  else if (str.compare (0, len, "magenta", 0, len) == 0)
    tmp_rgb[0] = tmp_rgb[2] = 1;
  else if (str.compare (0, len, "cyan", 0, len) == 0)
    tmp_rgb[1] = tmp_rgb[2] = 1;
  else if (str.compare (0, len, "white", 0, len) == 0
           || str.compare (0, len, "w", 0, len) == 0)
    tmp_rgb[0] = tmp_rgb[1] = tmp_rgb[2] = 1;
  else
    retval = false;

  if (retval)
    {
      for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
        xrgb(i) = tmp_rgb[i];
    }

  return retval;
}

bool
color_property::do_set (const octave_value& val)
{
  if (val.is_string ())
    {
      std::string s = val.string_value ();

      if (! s.empty ())
        {
          std::string match;

          if (radio_val.contains (s, match))
            {
              if (current_type != radio_t || match != current_val)
                {
                  if (s.length () != match.length ())
                    warning_with_id ("Octave:abbreviated-property-match",
                                     "%s: allowing %s to match %s value %s",
                                     "set", s.c_str (), get_name ().c_str (),
                                     match.c_str ());
                  current_val = match;
                  current_type = radio_t;
                  return true;
                }
            }
          else
            {
              color_values col (s);
              if (! error_state)
                {
                  if (current_type != color_t || col != color_val)
                    {
                      color_val = col;
                      current_type = color_t;
                      return true;
                    }
                }
              else
                error ("invalid value for color property \"%s\" (value = %s)",
                       get_name ().c_str (), s.c_str ());
            }
        }
      else
        error ("invalid value for color property \"%s\"",
               get_name ().c_str ());
    }
  else if (val.is_numeric_type ())
    {
      Matrix m = val.matrix_value ();

      if (m.numel () == 3)
        {
          color_values col (m(0), m(1), m(2));
          if (! error_state)
            {
              if (current_type != color_t || col != color_val)
                {
                  color_val = col;
                  current_type = color_t;
                  return true;
                }
            }
        }
      else
        error ("invalid value for color property \"%s\"",
               get_name ().c_str ());
    }
  else
    error ("invalid value for color property \"%s\"",
           get_name ().c_str ());

  return false;
}

bool
double_radio_property::do_set (const octave_value& val)
{
  if (val.is_string ())
    {
      std::string s = val.string_value ();
      std::string match;

      if (! s.empty () && radio_val.contains (s, match))
        {
          if (current_type != radio_t || match != current_val)
            {
              if (s.length () != match.length ())
                warning_with_id ("Octave:abbreviated-property-match",
                                 "%s: allowing %s to match %s value %s",
                                 "set", s.c_str (), get_name ().c_str (),
                                 match.c_str ());
              current_val = match;
              current_type = radio_t;
              return true;
            }
        }
      else
        error ("invalid value for double_radio property \"%s\"",
               get_name ().c_str ());
    }
  else if (val.is_scalar_type () && val.is_real_type ())
    {
      double new_dval = val.double_value ();

      if (current_type != double_t || new_dval != dval)
        {
          dval = new_dval;
          current_type = double_t;
          return true;
        }
    }
  else
    error ("invalid value for double_radio property \"%s\"",
           get_name ().c_str ());

  return false;
}

bool
array_property::validate (const octave_value& v)
{
  bool xok = false;

  // check value type
  if (type_constraints.size () > 0)
    {
      if (type_constraints.find (v.class_name ()) != type_constraints.end ())
        xok = true;

      // check if complex is allowed (it's also of class "double", so
      // checking that alone is not enough to ensure real type)
      if (type_constraints.find ("real") != type_constraints.end ()
          && v.is_complex_type ())
        xok = false;
    }
  else
    xok = v.is_numeric_type ();

  if (xok)
    {
      if (size_constraints.size () == 0)
        return true;

      dim_vector vdims = v.dims ();
      int vlen = vdims.length ();

      xok = false;

      // check dimensional size constraints until a match is found
      for (std::list<dim_vector>::const_iterator it = size_constraints.begin ();
           ! xok && it != size_constraints.end (); ++it)
        {
          dim_vector itdims = (*it);

          if (itdims.length () == vlen)
            {
              xok = true;

              for (int i = 0; xok && i < vlen; i++)
                {
                  if (itdims(i) > 0)
                    {
                      if (itdims(i) != vdims(i))
                        xok = false;
                    }
                  else if (v.is_empty ())
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

  return xok;
}

bool
array_property::is_equal (const octave_value& v) const
{
  if (data.type_name () == v.type_name ())
    {
      if (data.dims () == v.dims ())
        {

#define CHECK_ARRAY_EQUAL(T,F,A) \
            { \
              if (data.numel () == 1) \
                return data.F ## scalar_value () == \
                  v.F ## scalar_value (); \
              else  \
                { \
                  /* Keep copy of array_value to allow sparse/bool arrays */ \
                  /* that are converted, to not be deallocated early */ \
                  const A m1 = data.F ## array_value (); \
                  const T* d1 = m1.data (); \
                  const A m2 = v.F ## array_value (); \
                  const T* d2 = m2.data ();\
                  \
                  bool flag = true; \
                  \
                  for (int i = 0; flag && i < data.numel (); i++) \
                    if (d1[i] != d2[i]) \
                      flag = false; \
                  \
                  return flag; \
                } \
            }

          if (data.is_double_type () || data.is_bool_type ())
            CHECK_ARRAY_EQUAL (double, , NDArray)
          else if (data.is_single_type ())
            CHECK_ARRAY_EQUAL (float, float_, FloatNDArray)
          else if (data.is_int8_type ())
            CHECK_ARRAY_EQUAL (octave_int8, int8_, int8NDArray)
          else if (data.is_int16_type ())
            CHECK_ARRAY_EQUAL (octave_int16, int16_, int16NDArray)
          else if (data.is_int32_type ())
            CHECK_ARRAY_EQUAL (octave_int32, int32_, int32NDArray)
          else if (data.is_int64_type ())
            CHECK_ARRAY_EQUAL (octave_int64, int64_, int64NDArray)
          else if (data.is_uint8_type ())
            CHECK_ARRAY_EQUAL (octave_uint8, uint8_, uint8NDArray)
          else if (data.is_uint16_type ())
            CHECK_ARRAY_EQUAL (octave_uint16, uint16_, uint16NDArray)
          else if (data.is_uint32_type ())
            CHECK_ARRAY_EQUAL (octave_uint32, uint32_, uint32NDArray)
          else if (data.is_uint64_type ())
            CHECK_ARRAY_EQUAL (octave_uint64, uint64_, uint64NDArray)
        }
    }

  return false;
}

void
array_property::get_data_limits (void)
{
  xmin = xminp = octave_Inf;
  xmax = xmaxp = -octave_Inf;

  if (! data.is_empty ())
    {
      if (data.is_integer_type ())
        {
          if (data.is_int8_type ())
            get_array_limits (data.int8_array_value (),
                              xmin, xmax, xminp, xmaxp);
          else if (data.is_uint8_type ())
            get_array_limits (data.uint8_array_value (),
                              xmin, xmax, xminp, xmaxp);
          else if (data.is_int16_type ())
            get_array_limits (data.int16_array_value (),
                              xmin, xmax, xminp, xmaxp);
          else if (data.is_uint16_type ())
            get_array_limits (data.uint16_array_value (),
                              xmin, xmax, xminp, xmaxp);
          else if (data.is_int32_type ())
            get_array_limits (data.int32_array_value (),
                              xmin, xmax, xminp, xmaxp);
          else if (data.is_uint32_type ())
            get_array_limits (data.uint32_array_value (),
                              xmin, xmax, xminp, xmaxp);
          else if (data.is_int64_type ())
            get_array_limits (data.int64_array_value (),
                              xmin, xmax, xminp, xmaxp);
          else if (data.is_uint64_type ())
            get_array_limits (data.uint64_array_value (),
                              xmin, xmax, xminp, xmaxp);
        }
      else
        get_array_limits (data.array_value (), xmin, xmax, xminp, xmaxp);
    }
}

bool
handle_property::do_set (const octave_value& v)
{
  double dv = v.double_value ();

  if (! error_state)
    {
      graphics_handle gh = gh_manager::lookup (dv);

      if (xisnan (gh.value ()) || gh.ok ())
        {
          if (current_val != gh)
            {
              current_val = gh;
              return true;
            }
        }
      else
        error ("set: invalid graphics handle (= %g) for property \"%s\"",
               dv, get_name ().c_str ());
    }
  else
    error ("set: invalid graphics handle for property \"%s\"",
           get_name ().c_str ());

  return false;
}

Matrix
children_property::do_get_children (bool return_hidden) const
{
  Matrix retval (children_list.size (), 1);
  octave_idx_type k = 0;

  graphics_object go = gh_manager::get_object (0);

  root_figure::properties& props =
    dynamic_cast<root_figure::properties&> (go.get_properties ());

  if (! props.is_showhiddenhandles ())
    {
      for (const_children_list_iterator p = children_list.begin ();
           p != children_list.end (); p++)
        {
          graphics_handle kid = *p;

          if (gh_manager::is_handle_visible (kid))
            {
              if (! return_hidden)
                retval(k++) = *p;
            }
          else if (return_hidden)
            retval(k++) = *p;
        }

      retval.resize (k, 1);
    }
  else
    {
      for (const_children_list_iterator p = children_list.begin ();
           p != children_list.end (); p++)
        retval(k++) = *p;
    }

  return retval;
}

void
children_property::do_delete_children (bool clear)
{
  for (children_list_iterator p = children_list.begin ();
       p != children_list.end (); p++)
    {
      graphics_object go = gh_manager::get_object (*p);

      if (go.valid_object ())
        gh_manager::free (*p);

    }

  if (clear)
    children_list.clear ();
}

bool
callback_property::validate (const octave_value& v) const
{
  // case 1: function handle
  // case 2: cell array with first element being a function handle
  // case 3: string corresponding to known function name
  // case 4: evaluatable string
  // case 5: empty matrix

  if (v.is_function_handle ())
    return true;
  else if (v.is_string ())
    // complete validation will be done at execution-time
    return true;
  else if (v.is_cell () && v.length () > 0
           && (v.rows () == 1 || v.columns () == 1)
           && v.cell_value ()(0).is_function_handle ())
    return true;
  else if (v.is_empty ())
    return true;

  return false;
}

// If TRUE, we are executing any callback function, or the functions it
// calls.  Used to determine handle visibility inside callback
// functions.
static bool executing_callback = false;

void
callback_property::execute (const octave_value& data) const
{
  unwind_protect frame;

  // We are executing the callback function associated with this
  // callback property.  When set to true, we avoid recursive calls to
  // callback routines.
  frame.protect_var (executing);

  // We are executing a callback function, so allow handles that have
  // their handlevisibility property set to "callback" to be visible.
  frame.protect_var (executing_callback);

  if (! executing)
    {
      executing = true;
      executing_callback = true;

      if (callback.is_defined () && ! callback.is_empty ())
        gh_manager::execute_callback (get_parent (), callback, data);
    }
}

// Used to cache dummy graphics objects from which dynamic
// properties can be cloned.
static std::map<caseless_str, graphics_object> dprop_obj_map;

property
property::create (const std::string& name, const graphics_handle& h,
                  const caseless_str& type, const octave_value_list& args)
{
  property retval;

  if (type.compare ("string"))
    {
      std::string val = (args.length () > 0 ? args(0).string_value () : "");

      if (! error_state)
        retval = property (new string_property (name, h, val));
    }
  else if (type.compare ("any"))
    {
      octave_value val = args.length () > 0 ? args(0)
                                            : octave_value (Matrix ());

      retval = property (new any_property (name, h, val));
    }
  else if (type.compare ("radio"))
    {
      if (args.length () > 0)
        {
          std::string vals = args(0).string_value ();

          if (! error_state)
            {
              retval = property (new radio_property (name, h, vals));

              if (args.length () > 1)
                retval.set (args(1));
            }
          else
            error ("addproperty: invalid argument for radio property, expected a string value");
        }
      else
        error ("addproperty: missing possible values for radio property");
    }
  else if (type.compare ("double"))
    {
      double d = (args.length () > 0 ? args(0).double_value () : 0);

      if (! error_state)
        retval = property (new double_property (name, h, d));
    }
  else if (type.compare ("handle"))
    {
      double hh = (args.length () > 0 ? args(0).double_value () : octave_NaN);

      if (! error_state)
        {
          graphics_handle gh (hh);

          retval = property (new handle_property (name, h, gh));
        }
    }
  else if (type.compare ("boolean"))
    {
      retval = property (new bool_property (name, h, false));

      if (args.length () > 0)
        retval.set (args(0));
    }
  else if (type.compare ("data"))
    {
      retval = property (new array_property (name, h, Matrix ()));

      if (args.length () > 0)
        {
          retval.set (args(0));

          // FIXME: additional argument could define constraints,
          //        but is this really useful?
        }
    }
  else if (type.compare ("color"))
    {
      color_values cv (0, 0, 0);
      radio_values rv;

      if (args.length () > 1)
        rv = radio_values (args(1).string_value ());

      if (! error_state)
        {
          retval = property (new color_property (name, h, cv, rv));

          if (! error_state)
            {
              if (args.length () > 0 && ! args(0).is_empty ())
                retval.set (args(0));
              else
                retval.set (rv.default_value ());
            }
        }
    }
  else
    {
      caseless_str go_name, go_rest;

      if (lookup_object_name (type, go_name, go_rest))
        {
          graphics_object go;

          std::map<caseless_str, graphics_object>::const_iterator it =
            dprop_obj_map.find (go_name);

          if (it == dprop_obj_map.end ())
            {
              base_graphics_object *bgo =
                make_graphics_object_from_type (go_name);

              if (bgo)
                {
                  go = graphics_object (bgo);

                  dprop_obj_map[go_name] = go;
                }
            }
          else
            go = it->second;

          if (go.valid_object ())
            {
              property prop = go.get_properties ().get_property (go_rest);

              if (! error_state)
                {
                  retval = prop.clone ();

                  retval.set_parent (h);
                  retval.set_name (name);

                  if (args.length () > 0)
                    retval.set (args(0));
                }
            }
          else
            error ("addproperty: invalid object type (= %s)",
                   go_name.c_str ());
        }
      else
        error ("addproperty: unsupported type for dynamic property (= %s)",
               type.c_str ());
    }

  return retval;
}

static void
finalize_r (const graphics_handle& h)
{
  graphics_object go = gh_manager::get_object (h);

  if (go)
    {
      Matrix children = go.get_properties ().get_all_children ();

      for (int k = 0; k < children.numel (); k++)
        finalize_r (children(k));

      go.finalize ();
    }
}

static void
initialize_r (const graphics_handle& h)
{
  graphics_object go = gh_manager::get_object (h);

  if (go)
    {
      Matrix children = go.get_properties ().get_all_children ();

      go.initialize ();

      for (int k = 0; k < children.numel (); k++)
        initialize_r (children(k));
    }
}

void
figure::properties::set_toolkit (const graphics_toolkit& b)
{
  if (toolkit)
    finalize_r (get___myhandle__ ());

  toolkit = b;
  __graphics_toolkit__ = b.get_name ();
  __plot_stream__ = Matrix ();

  if (toolkit)
    initialize_r (get___myhandle__ ());

  mark_modified ();
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------

void
property_list::set (const caseless_str& name, const octave_value& val)
{
  size_t offset = 0;

  size_t len = name.length ();

  if (len > 4)
    {
      caseless_str pfx = name.substr (0, 4);

      if (pfx.compare ("axes") || pfx.compare ("line")
          || pfx.compare ("text"))
        offset = 4;
      else if (len > 5)
        {
          pfx = name.substr (0, 5);

          if (pfx.compare ("image") || pfx.compare ("patch"))
            offset = 5;
          else if (len > 6)
            {
              pfx = name.substr (0, 6);

              if (pfx.compare ("figure") || pfx.compare ("uimenu"))
                offset = 6;
              else if (len > 7)
                {
                  pfx = name.substr (0, 7);

                  if (pfx.compare ("surface") || pfx.compare ("hggroup")
                      || pfx.compare ("uipanel"))
                    offset = 7;
                  else if (len > 9)
                    {
                      pfx = name.substr (0, 9);

                      if (pfx.compare ("uicontrol")
                          || pfx.compare ("uitoolbar"))
                        offset = 9;
                      else if (len > 10)
                        {
                          pfx = name.substr (0, 10);

                          if (pfx.compare ("uipushtool"))
                            offset = 10;
                          else if (len > 12)
                            {
                              pfx = name.substr (0, 12);

                              if (pfx.compare ("uitoogletool"))
                                offset = 12;
                              else if (len > 13)
                                {
                                  pfx = name.substr (0, 13);

                                  if (pfx.compare ("uicontextmenu"))
                                    offset = 13;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

      if (offset > 0)
        {
          // FIXME: should we validate property names and values here?

          std::string pname = name.substr (offset);

          std::transform (pfx.begin (), pfx.end (), pfx.begin (), tolower);
          std::transform (pname.begin (), pname.end (), pname.begin (),
                          tolower);

          bool has_property = false;
          if (pfx == "axes")
            has_property = axes::properties::has_core_property (pname);
          else if (pfx == "line")
            has_property = line::properties::has_core_property (pname);
          else if (pfx == "text")
            has_property = text::properties::has_core_property (pname);
          else if (pfx == "image")
            has_property = image::properties::has_core_property (pname);
          else if (pfx == "patch")
            has_property = patch::properties::has_core_property (pname);
          else if (pfx == "figure")
            has_property = figure::properties::has_core_property (pname);
          else if (pfx == "surface")
            has_property = surface::properties::has_core_property (pname);
          else if (pfx == "hggroup")
            has_property = hggroup::properties::has_core_property (pname);
          else if (pfx == "uimenu")
            has_property = uimenu::properties::has_core_property (pname);
          else if (pfx == "uicontrol")
            has_property = uicontrol::properties::has_core_property (pname);
          else if (pfx == "uipanel")
            has_property = uipanel::properties::has_core_property (pname);
          else if (pfx == "uicontextmenu")
            has_property = uicontextmenu::properties::has_core_property (pname);
          else if (pfx == "uitoolbar")
            has_property = uitoolbar::properties::has_core_property (pname);
          else if (pfx == "uipushtool")
            has_property = uipushtool::properties::has_core_property (pname);

          if (has_property)
            {
              bool remove = false;
              if (val.is_string ())
                {
                  std::string tval = val.string_value ();

                  remove = (tval.compare ("remove") == 0);
                }

              pval_map_type& pval_map = plist_map[pfx];

              if (remove)
                {
                  pval_map_iterator p = pval_map.find (pname);

                  if (p != pval_map.end ())
                    pval_map.erase (p);
                }
              else
                pval_map[pname] = val;
            }
          else
            error ("invalid %s property '%s'", pfx.c_str (), pname.c_str ());
        }
    }

  if (! error_state && offset == 0)
    error ("invalid default property specification");
}

octave_value
property_list::lookup (const caseless_str& name) const
{
  octave_value retval;

  size_t offset = 0;

  size_t len = name.length ();

  if (len > 4)
    {
      caseless_str pfx = name.substr (0, 4);

      if (pfx.compare ("axes") || pfx.compare ("line")
          || pfx.compare ("text"))
        offset = 4;
      else if (len > 5)
        {
          pfx = name.substr (0, 5);

          if (pfx.compare ("image") || pfx.compare ("patch"))
            offset = 5;
          else if (len > 6)
            {
              pfx = name.substr (0, 6);

              if (pfx.compare ("figure") || pfx.compare ("uimenu"))
                offset = 6;
              else if (len > 7)
                {
                  pfx = name.substr (0, 7);

                  if (pfx.compare ("surface") || pfx.compare ("hggroup")
                      || pfx.compare ("uipanel"))
                    offset = 7;
                  else if (len > 9)
                    {
                      pfx = name.substr (0, 9);

                      if (pfx.compare ("uicontrol")
                          || pfx.compare ("uitoolbar"))
                        offset = 9;
                      else if (len > 10)
                        {
                          pfx = name.substr (0, 10);

                          if (pfx.compare ("uipushtool"))
                            offset = 10;
                          else if (len > 12)
                            {
                              pfx = name.substr (0, 12);

                              if (pfx.compare ("uitoggletool"))
                                offset = 12;
                              else if (len > 13)
                                {
                                  pfx = name.substr (0, 13);

                                  if (pfx.compare ("uicontextmenu"))
                                    offset = 13;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

      if (offset > 0)
        {
          std::string pname = name.substr (offset);

          std::transform (pfx.begin (), pfx.end (), pfx.begin (), tolower);
          std::transform (pname.begin (), pname.end (), pname.begin (),
                          tolower);

          plist_map_const_iterator p = find (pfx);

          if (p != end ())
            {
              const pval_map_type& pval_map = p->second;

              pval_map_const_iterator q = pval_map.find (pname);

              if (q != pval_map.end ())
                retval = q->second;
            }
        }
    }

  return retval;
}

octave_scalar_map
property_list::as_struct (const std::string& prefix_arg) const
{
  octave_scalar_map m;

  for (plist_map_const_iterator p = begin (); p != end (); p++)
    {
      std::string prefix = prefix_arg + p->first;

      const pval_map_type pval_map = p->second;

      for (pval_map_const_iterator q = pval_map.begin ();
           q != pval_map.end ();
           q++)
        m.assign (prefix + q->first, q->second);
    }

  return m;
}

// Set properties given as a cs-list of name, value pairs.

void
graphics_object::set (const octave_value_list& args)
{
  int nargin = args.length ();

  if (nargin == 0)
    error ("graphics_object::set: Nothing to set");
  else if (nargin % 2 == 0)
    {
      for (int i = 0; i < nargin; i += 2)
        {
          caseless_str name = args(i).string_value ();

          if (! error_state)
            {
              octave_value val = args(i+1);

              set_value_or_default (name, val);

              if (error_state)
                break;
            }
          else
            error ("set: expecting argument %d to be a property name", i);
        }
    }
  else
    error ("set: invalid number of arguments");
}

/*
## test set with name, value pairs
%!test
%! hf = figure ("visible", "off");
%! h = plot (1:10, 10:-1:1);
%! set (h, "linewidth", 10, "marker", "x");
%! lw = get (h, "linewidth");
%! mk = get (h, "marker");
%! close (hf);
%! assert (lw, 10);
%! assert (mk, "x");
*/

// Set properties given in two cell arrays containing names and values.
void
graphics_object::set (const Array<std::string>& names,
                      const Cell& values, octave_idx_type row)
{
  if (names.numel () != values.columns ())
    {
      error ("set: number of names must match number of value columns (%d != %d)",
             names.numel (), values.columns ());
    }

  octave_idx_type k = names.columns ();

  for (octave_idx_type column = 0; column < k; column++)
    {
      caseless_str name = names(column);
      octave_value val  = values(row, column);

      set_value_or_default (name, val);

      if (error_state)
        break;
    }
}

/*
## test set with cell array arguments
%!test
%! hf = figure ("visible", "off");
%! h = plot (1:10, 10:-1:1);
%! set (h, {"linewidth", "marker"}, {10, "x"});
%! lw = get (h, "linewidth");
%! mk = get (h, "marker");
%! close (hf);
%! assert (lw, 10);
%! assert (mk, "x");

## test set with multiple handles and cell array arguments
%!test
%! hf = figure ("visible", "off");
%! unwind_protect
%!   h = plot (1:10, 10:-1:1, 1:10, 1:10);
%!   set (h, {"linewidth", "marker"}, {10, "x"; 5, "o"});
%!   assert (get (h, "linewidth"), {10; 5});
%!   assert (get (h, "marker"), {"x"; "o"});
%!   set (h, {"linewidth", "marker"}, {10, "x"});
%!   assert (get (h, "linewidth"), {10; 10});
%!   assert (get (h, "marker"), {"x"; "x"});
%! unwind_protect_cleanup
%!   close (hf);
%! end_unwind_protect;

%!error <set: number of graphics handles must match number of value rows>
%! hf = figure ("visible", "off");
%! unwind_protect
%!   h = plot (1:10, 10:-1:1, 1:10, 1:10);
%!   set (h, {"linewidth", "marker"}, {10, "x"; 5, "o"; 7, "."});
%! unwind_protect_cleanup
%!   close (hf);
%! end_unwind_protect

%!error <set: number of names must match number of value columns>
%! hf = figure ("visible", "off");
%! unwind_protect
%!   h = plot (1:10, 10:-1:1, 1:10, 1:10);
%!   set (h, {"linewidth"}, {10, "x"; 5, "o"});
%! unwind_protect_cleanup
%!   close (hf);
%! end_unwind_protect
*/

// Set properties given in a struct array
void
graphics_object::set (const octave_map& m)
{
  for (octave_idx_type p = 0; p < m.nfields (); p++)
    {
      caseless_str name  = m.keys ()[p];

      octave_value val = octave_value (m.contents (name).elem (m.numel () - 1));

      set_value_or_default (name, val);

      if (error_state)
        break;
    }
}

/*
## test set ticklabels for compatibility
%!test
%! hf = figure ("visible", "off");
%! set (gca (), "xticklabel", [0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1]);
%! xticklabel = get (gca (), "xticklabel");
%! close (hf);
%! assert (class (xticklabel), "char");
%! assert (size (xticklabel), [6, 3]);

%!test
%! hf = figure ("visible", "off");
%! set (gca (), "xticklabel", "0|0.2|0.4|0.6|0.8|1");
%! xticklabel = get (gca (), "xticklabel");
%! close (hf);
%! assert (class (xticklabel), "char");
%! assert (size (xticklabel), [6, 3]);

%!test
%! hf = figure ("visible", "off");
%! set (gca (), "xticklabel", ["0 "; "0.2"; "0.4"; "0.6"; "0.8"; "1 "]);
%! xticklabel = get (gca (), "xticklabel");
%! close (hf);
%! assert (class (xticklabel), "char");
%! assert (size (xticklabel), [6, 3]);

%!test
%! hf = figure ("visible", "off");
%! set (gca (), "xticklabel", {"0", "0.2", "0.4", "0.6", "0.8", "1"});
%! xticklabel = get (gca (), "xticklabel");
%! close (hf);
%! assert (class (xticklabel), "cell");
%! assert (size (xticklabel), [6, 1]);
*/

/*
## test set with struct arguments
%!test
%! hf = figure ("visible", "off");
%! unwind_protect
%!   h = plot (1:10, 10:-1:1);
%!   set (h, struct ("linewidth", 10, "marker", "x"));
%!   assert (get (h, "linewidth"), 10);
%!   assert (get (h, "marker"), "x");
%!   h = plot (1:10, 10:-1:1, 1:10, 1:10);
%!   set (h, struct ("linewidth", {5, 10}));
%!   assert (get (h, "linewidth"), {10; 10});
%! unwind_protect_cleanup
%!   close (hf);
%! end_unwind_protect

## test ordering
%!test
%! markchanged = @(h, foobar, name) set (h, "userdata", [get(h,"userdata"); {name}]);
%! hf = figure ("visible", "off");
%! unwind_protect
%!   h = line ();
%!   set (h, "userdata", {});
%!   addlistener (h, "color", {markchanged, "color"});
%!   addlistener (h, "linewidth", {markchanged, "linewidth"});
%!   ## "linewidth" first
%!   props.linewidth = 2;
%!   props.color = "r";
%!   set (h, props);
%!   assert (get (h, "userdata"), fieldnames (props));
%!   clear props;
%!   clf ();
%!   h = line ();
%!   set (h, "userdata", {});
%!   addlistener (h, "color", {markchanged, "color"});
%!   addlistener (h, "linewidth", {markchanged, "linewidth"});
%!   ## "color" first
%!   props.color = "r";
%!   props.linewidth = 2;
%!   set (h, props);
%!   assert (get (h, "userdata"), fieldnames (props));
%! unwind_protect_cleanup
%!   close (hf);
%! end_unwind_protect
*/

// Set a property to a value or to its (factory) default value.

void
graphics_object::set_value_or_default (const caseless_str& name,
                                       const octave_value& val)
{
  if (val.is_string ())
    {
      std::string tval = val.string_value ();

      octave_value default_val;

      if (tval.compare ("default") == 0)
        {
          default_val = get_default (name);

          if (error_state)
            return;

          rep->set (name, default_val);
        }
      else if (tval.compare ("factory") == 0)
        {
          default_val = get_factory_default (name);

          if (error_state)
            return;

          rep->set (name, default_val);
        }
      else
        {
          // Matlab specifically uses "\default" to escape string setting
          if (tval.compare ("\\default") == 0)
            rep->set (name, "default");
          else if (tval.compare ("\\factory") == 0)
            rep->set (name, "factory");
          else
            rep->set (name, val);
        }
    }
  else
    rep->set (name, val);
}

/*
## test setting of default values
%!test
%! old_lw = get (0, "defaultlinelinewidth");
%! unwind_protect
%!   hf = figure ("visible", "off");
%!   h = plot (1:10, 10:-1:1);
%!   set (0, "defaultlinelinewidth", 20);
%!   set (h, "linewidth", "default");
%!   assert (get (h, "linewidth"), 20);
%!   set (h, "linewidth", "factory");
%!   assert (get (h, "linewidth"), 0.5);
%! unwind_protect_cleanup
%!   close (hf);
%!   set (0, "defaultlinelinewidth", old_lw);
%! end_unwind_protect
*/

static double
make_handle_fraction (void)
{
  static double maxrand = RAND_MAX + 2.0;

  return (rand () + 1.0) / maxrand;
}

graphics_handle
gh_manager::do_get_handle (bool integer_figure_handle)
{
  graphics_handle retval;

  if (integer_figure_handle)
    {
      // Figure handles are positive integers corresponding to the
      // figure number.

      // We always want the lowest unused figure number.

      retval = 1;

      while (handle_map.find (retval) != handle_map.end ())
        retval++;
    }
  else
    {
      // Other graphics handles are negative integers plus some random
      // fractional part.  To avoid running out of integers, we
      // recycle the integer part but tack on a new random part each
      // time.

      free_list_iterator p = handle_free_list.begin ();

      if (p != handle_free_list.end ())
        {
          retval = *p;
          handle_free_list.erase (p);
        }
      else
        {
          retval = graphics_handle (next_handle);

          next_handle = std::ceil (next_handle) - 1.0 - make_handle_fraction ();
        }
    }

  return retval;
}

void
gh_manager::do_free (const graphics_handle& h)
{
  if (h.ok ())
    {
      if (h.value () != 0)
        {
          iterator p = handle_map.find (h);

          if (p != handle_map.end ())
            {
              base_properties& bp = p->second.get_properties ();

              bp.set_beingdeleted (true);

              bp.delete_children ();

              octave_value val = bp.get_deletefcn ();

              bp.execute_deletefcn ();

              // Notify graphics toolkit.
              p->second.finalize ();

              // Note: this will be valid only for first explicitly
              // deleted object.  All its children will then have an
              // unknown graphics toolkit.

              // Graphics handles for non-figure objects are negative
              // integers plus some random fractional part.  To avoid
              // running out of integers, we recycle the integer part
              // but tack on a new random part each time.

              handle_map.erase (p);

              if (h.value () < 0)
                handle_free_list.insert
                  (std::ceil (h.value ()) - make_handle_fraction ());
            }
          else
            error ("graphics_handle::free: invalid object %g", h.value ());
        }
      else
        error ("graphics_handle::free: can't delete root figure");
    }
}

void
gh_manager::do_renumber_figure (const graphics_handle& old_gh,
                                const graphics_handle& new_gh)
{
  iterator p = handle_map.find (old_gh);

  if (p != handle_map.end ())
    {
      graphics_object go = p->second;

      handle_map.erase (p);

      handle_map[new_gh] = go;

      if (old_gh.value () < 0)
        handle_free_list.insert (std::ceil (old_gh.value ())
                                 - make_handle_fraction ());
    }
  else
    error ("graphics_handle::free: invalid object %g", old_gh.value ());

  for (figure_list_iterator q = figure_list.begin ();
       q != figure_list.end (); q++)
    {
      if (*q == old_gh)
        {
          *q = new_gh;
          break;
        }
    }
}

gh_manager *gh_manager::instance = 0;

static void
xset (const graphics_handle& h, const caseless_str& name,
      const octave_value& val)
{
  graphics_object obj = gh_manager::get_object (h);
  obj.set (name, val);
}

static void
xset (const graphics_handle& h, const octave_value_list& args)
{
  if (args.length () > 0)
    {
      graphics_object obj = gh_manager::get_object (h);
      obj.set (args);
    }
}

static octave_value
xget (const graphics_handle& h, const caseless_str& name)
{
  graphics_object obj = gh_manager::get_object (h);
  return obj.get (name);
}

static graphics_handle
reparent (const octave_value& ov, const std::string& who,
          const std::string& property, const graphics_handle& new_parent,
          bool adopt = true)
{
  graphics_handle h = octave_NaN;

  double val = ov.double_value ();

  if (! error_state)
    {
      h = gh_manager::lookup (val);

      if (h.ok ())
        {
          graphics_object obj = gh_manager::get_object (h);

          graphics_handle parent_h = obj.get_parent ();

          graphics_object parent_obj = gh_manager::get_object (parent_h);

          parent_obj.remove_child (h);

          if (adopt)
            obj.set ("parent", new_parent.value ());
          else
            obj.reparent (new_parent);
        }
      else
        error ("%s: invalid graphics handle (= %g) for %s",
               who.c_str (), val, property.c_str ());
    }
  else
    error ("%s: expecting %s to be a graphics handle",
           who.c_str (), property.c_str ());

  return h;
}

// This function is NOT equivalent to the scripting language function gcf.
graphics_handle
gcf (void)
{
  octave_value val = xget (0, "currentfigure");

  return val.is_empty () ? octave_NaN : val.double_value ();
}

// This function is NOT equivalent to the scripting language function gca.
graphics_handle
gca (void)
{
  octave_value val = xget (gcf (), "currentaxes");

  return val.is_empty () ? octave_NaN : val.double_value ();
}

static void
delete_graphics_object (const graphics_handle& h)
{
  if (h.ok ())
    {
      graphics_object obj = gh_manager::get_object (h);

      // Don't do recursive deleting, due to callbacks
      if (! obj.get_properties ().is_beingdeleted ())
        {
          graphics_handle parent_h = obj.get_parent ();

          graphics_object parent_obj =
            gh_manager::get_object (parent_h);

          // NOTE: free the handle before removing it from its
          //       parent's children, such that the object's
          //       state is correct when the deletefcn callback
          //       is executed

          gh_manager::free (h);

          // A callback function might have already deleted
          // the parent
          if (parent_obj.valid_object ())
            parent_obj.remove_child (h);

          Vdrawnow_requested = true;
        }
    }
}

static void
delete_graphics_object (double val)
{
  delete_graphics_object (gh_manager::lookup (val));
}

static void
delete_graphics_objects (const NDArray vals)
{
  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < vals.numel (); i++)
    delete_graphics_object (vals.elem (i));
}

static void
close_figure (const graphics_handle& handle)
{
  octave_value closerequestfcn = xget (handle, "closerequestfcn");

  OCTAVE_SAFE_CALL (gh_manager::execute_callback, (handle, closerequestfcn));
}

static void
force_close_figure (const graphics_handle& handle)
{
  // Remove the deletefcn and closerequestfcn callbacks and delete the
  // object directly.

  xset (handle, "deletefcn", Matrix ());
  xset (handle, "closerequestfcn", Matrix ());

  delete_graphics_object (handle);
}

void
gh_manager::do_close_all_figures (void)
{
  // FIXME: should we process or discard pending events?

  event_queue.clear ();

  // Don't use figure_list_iterator because we'll be removing elements
  // from the list elsewhere.

  Matrix hlist = do_figure_handle_list (true);

  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < hlist.numel (); i++)
    {
      graphics_handle h = gh_manager::lookup (hlist(i));

      if (h.ok ())
        close_figure (h);
    }

  // They should all be closed now.  If not, force them to close.

  hlist = do_figure_handle_list (true);

  for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < hlist.numel (); i++)
    {
      graphics_handle h = gh_manager::lookup (hlist(i));

      if (h.ok ())
        force_close_figure (h);
    }

  // None left now, right?

  hlist = do_figure_handle_list (true);

  assert (hlist.numel () == 0);

  // Clear all callback objects from our list.

  callback_objects.clear ();
}

static void
adopt (const graphics_handle& p, const graphics_handle& h)
{
  graphics_object parent_obj = gh_manager::get_object (p);
  parent_obj.adopt (h);
}

static bool
is_handle (const graphics_handle& h)
{
  return h.ok ();
}

static bool
is_handle (double val)
{
  graphics_handle h = gh_manager::lookup (val);

  return h.ok ();
}

static octave_value
is_handle (const octave_value& val)
{
  octave_value retval = false;

  if (val.is_real_scalar () && is_handle (val.double_value ()))
    retval = true;
  else if (val.is_numeric_type () && val.is_real_type ())
    {
      const NDArray handles = val.array_value ();

      if (! error_state)
        {
          boolNDArray result (handles.dims ());

          for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < handles.numel (); i++)
            result.xelem (i) = is_handle (handles (i));

          retval = result;
        }
    }

  return retval;
}

static bool
is_figure (double val)
{
  graphics_object obj = gh_manager::get_object (val);

  return obj && obj.isa ("figure");
}

static void
xcreatefcn (const graphics_handle& h)
{
  graphics_object obj = gh_manager::get_object (h);
  obj.get_properties ().execute_createfcn  ();
}

static void
xinitialize (const graphics_handle& h)
{
  graphics_object go = gh_manager::get_object (h);

  if (go)
    go.initialize ();
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------

void
base_graphics_toolkit::update (const graphics_handle& h, int id)
{
  graphics_object go = gh_manager::get_object (h);

  update (go, id);
}

bool
base_graphics_toolkit::initialize (const graphics_handle& h)
{
  graphics_object go = gh_manager::get_object (h);

  return initialize (go);
}

void
base_graphics_toolkit::finalize (const graphics_handle& h)
{
  graphics_object go = gh_manager::get_object (h);

  finalize (go);
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------

void
base_properties::set_from_list (base_graphics_object& obj,
                                property_list& defaults)
{
  std::string go_name = graphics_object_name ();

  property_list::plist_map_const_iterator p = defaults.find (go_name);

  if (p != defaults.end ())
    {
      const property_list::pval_map_type pval_map = p->second;

      for (property_list::pval_map_const_iterator q = pval_map.begin ();
           q != pval_map.end ();
           q++)
        {
          std::string pname = q->first;

          obj.set (pname, q->second);

          if (error_state)
            {
              error ("error setting default property %s", pname.c_str ());
              break;
            }
        }
    }
}

octave_value
base_properties::get_dynamic (const caseless_str& name) const
{
  octave_value retval;

  std::map<caseless_str, property, cmp_caseless_str>::const_iterator it =
    all_props.find (name);

  if (it != all_props.end ())
    retval = it->second.get ();
  else
    error ("get: unknown property \"%s\"", name.c_str ());

  return retval;
}

octave_value
base_properties::get_dynamic (bool all) const
{
  octave_scalar_map m;

  for (std::map<caseless_str, property, cmp_caseless_str>::const_iterator
       it = all_props.begin (); it != all_props.end (); ++it)
    if (all || ! it->second.is_hidden ())
      m.assign (it->second.get_name (), it->second.get ());

  return m;
}

std::set<std::string>
base_properties::dynamic_property_names (void) const
{
  return dynamic_properties;
}

bool
base_properties::has_dynamic_property (const std::string& pname)
{
  const std::set<std::string>& dynprops = dynamic_property_names ();

  if (dynprops.find (pname) != dynprops.end ())
    return true;
  else
    return all_props.find (pname) != all_props.end ();
}

void
base_properties::set_dynamic (const caseless_str& pname,
                              const octave_value& val)
{
  std::map<caseless_str, property, cmp_caseless_str>::iterator it =
    all_props.find (pname);

  if (it != all_props.end ())
    it->second.set (val);
  else
    error ("set: unknown property \"%s\"", pname.c_str ());

  if (! error_state)
    {
      dynamic_properties.insert (pname);

      mark_modified ();
    }
}

property
base_properties::get_property_dynamic (const caseless_str& name)
{
  std::map<caseless_str, property, cmp_caseless_str>::const_iterator it =
    all_props.find (name);

  if (it == all_props.end ())
    {
      error ("get_property: unknown property \"%s\"", name.c_str ());
      return property ();
    }
  else
    return it->second;
}

void
base_properties::set_parent (const octave_value& val)
{
  double hnp = val.double_value ();

  graphics_handle new_parent = octave_NaN;

  if (! error_state)
    {
      if (hnp == __myhandle__)
        error ("set: can not set object parent to be object itself");
      else
        {
          new_parent = gh_manager::lookup (hnp);

          if (new_parent.ok ())
            {
              // Remove child from current parent
              graphics_object old_parent_obj;
              old_parent_obj = gh_manager::get_object (get_parent ());
              old_parent_obj.remove_child (__myhandle__);

              // Check new parent's parent is not this child to avoid recursion
              graphics_object new_parent_obj;
              new_parent_obj = gh_manager::get_object (new_parent);
              if (new_parent_obj.get_parent () == __myhandle__)
                {
                  // new parent's parent gets child's original parent
                  new_parent_obj.get_properties ().set_parent (get_parent ().as_octave_value ());
                }

              // Set parent property to new_parent and do adoption
              parent = new_parent.as_octave_value ();
              ::adopt (parent.handle_value (), __myhandle__);
            }
          else
            error ("set: invalid graphics handle (= %g) for parent", hnp);
        }
    }
  else
    error ("set: expecting parent to be a graphics handle");
}

void
base_properties::mark_modified (void)
{
  __modified__ = "on";
  graphics_object parent_obj = gh_manager::get_object (get_parent ());
  if (parent_obj)
    parent_obj.mark_modified ();
}

void
base_properties::override_defaults (base_graphics_object& obj)
{
  graphics_object parent_obj = gh_manager::get_object (get_parent ());

  if (parent_obj)
    parent_obj.override_defaults (obj);
}

void
base_properties::update_axis_limits (const std::string& axis_type) const
{
  graphics_object obj = gh_manager::get_object (__myhandle__);

  if (obj)
    obj.update_axis_limits (axis_type);
}

void
base_properties::update_axis_limits (const std::string& axis_type,
                                     const graphics_handle& h) const
{
  graphics_object obj = gh_manager::get_object (__myhandle__);

  if (obj)
    obj.update_axis_limits (axis_type, h);
}

bool
base_properties::is_handle_visible (void) const
{
  return (handlevisibility.is ("on")
          || (executing_callback && ! handlevisibility.is ("off")));
}

graphics_toolkit
base_properties::get_toolkit (void) const
{
  graphics_object go = gh_manager::get_object (get_parent ());

  if (go)
    return go.get_toolkit ();
  else
    return graphics_toolkit ();
}

void
base_properties::update_boundingbox (void)
{
  Matrix kids = get_children ();

  for (int i = 0; i < kids.numel (); i++)
    {
      graphics_object go = gh_manager::get_object (kids(i));

      if (go.valid_object ())
        go.get_properties ().update_boundingbox ();
    }
}

void
base_properties::update_autopos (const std::string& elem_type)
{
  graphics_object parent_obj = gh_manager::get_object (get_parent ());

  if (parent_obj.valid_object ())
    parent_obj.get_properties ().update_autopos (elem_type);
}

void
base_properties::add_listener (const caseless_str& nm, const octave_value& v,
                               listener_mode mode)
{
  property p = get_property (nm);

  if (! error_state && p.ok ())
    p.add_listener (v, mode);
}

void
base_properties::delete_listener (const caseless_str& nm,
                                  const octave_value& v, listener_mode mode)
{
  property p = get_property (nm);

  if (! error_state && p.ok ())
    p.delete_listener (v, mode);
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------

void
base_graphics_object::update_axis_limits (const std::string& axis_type)
{
  if (valid_object ())
    {
      graphics_object parent_obj = gh_manager::get_object (get_parent ());

      if (parent_obj)
        parent_obj.update_axis_limits (axis_type);
    }
  else
    error ("base_graphics_object::update_axis_limits: invalid graphics object");
}

void
base_graphics_object::update_axis_limits (const std::string& axis_type,
                                          const graphics_handle& h)
{
  if (valid_object ())
    {
      graphics_object parent_obj = gh_manager::get_object (get_parent ());

      if (parent_obj)
        parent_obj.update_axis_limits (axis_type, h);
    }
  else
    error ("base_graphics_object::update_axis_limits: invalid graphics object");
}

void
base_graphics_object::remove_all_listeners (void)
{
  octave_map m = get (true).map_value ();

  for (octave_map::const_iterator pa = m.begin (); pa != m.end (); pa++)
    {
      // FIXME: there has to be a better way.  I think we want to
      // ask whether it is OK to delete the listener for the given
      // property.  How can we know in advance that it will be OK?

      unwind_protect frame;

      frame.protect_var (error_state);
      frame.protect_var (discard_error_messages);
      frame.protect_var (Vdebug_on_error);
      frame.protect_var (Vdebug_on_warning);

      discard_error_messages = true;
      Vdebug_on_error = false;
      Vdebug_on_warning = false;

      property p = get_properties ().get_property (pa->first);

      if (! error_state && p.ok ())
        p.delete_listener ();
    }
}

std::string
base_graphics_object::values_as_string (void)
{
  std::string retval;

  if (valid_object ())
    {
      octave_map m = get ().map_value ();

      for (octave_map::const_iterator pa = m.begin (); pa != m.end (); pa++)
        {
          if (pa->first != "children")
            {
              property p = get_properties ().get_property (pa->first);

              if (p.ok () && ! p.is_hidden ())
                {
                  retval += "\n\t" + std::string (pa->first) + ":  ";
                  if (p.is_radio ())
                    retval += p.values_as_string ();
                }
            }
        }
      if (retval != "")
        retval += "\n";
    }
  else
    error ("base_graphics_object::values_as_string: invalid graphics object");

  return retval;
}

octave_scalar_map
base_graphics_object::values_as_struct (void)
{
  octave_scalar_map retval;

  if (valid_object ())
    {
      octave_scalar_map m = get ().scalar_map_value ();

      for (octave_scalar_map::const_iterator pa = m.begin ();
           pa != m.end (); pa++)
        {
          if (pa->first != "children")
            {
              property p = get_properties ().get_property (pa->first);

              if (p.ok () && ! p.is_hidden ())
                {
                  if (p.is_radio ())
                    retval.assign (p.get_name (), p.values_as_cell ());
                  else
                    retval.assign (p.get_name (), Cell ());
                }
            }
        }
    }
  else
    error ("base_graphics_object::values_as_struct: invalid graphics object");

  return retval;
}

graphics_object
graphics_object::get_ancestor (const std::string& obj_type) const
{
  if (valid_object ())
    {
      if (isa (obj_type))
        return *this;
      else
        return gh_manager::get_object (get_parent ()).get_ancestor (obj_type);
    }
  else
    return graphics_object ();
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------

#include "graphics-props.cc"

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------

void
root_figure::properties::set_currentfigure (const octave_value& v)
{
  graphics_handle val (v);

  if (error_state)
    return;

  if (xisnan (val.value ()) || is_handle (val))
    {
      currentfigure = val;

      if (val.ok ())
        gh_manager::push_figure (val);
    }
  else
    gripe_set_invalid ("currentfigure");
}

void
root_figure::properties::set_callbackobject (const octave_value& v)
{
  graphics_handle val (v);

  if (error_state)
    return;

  if (xisnan (val.value ()))
    {
      if (! cbo_stack.empty ())
        {
          val = cbo_stack.front ();

          cbo_stack.pop_front ();
        }

      callbackobject = val;
    }
  else if (is_handle (val))
    {
      if (get_callbackobject ().ok ())
        cbo_stack.push_front (get_callbackobject ());

      callbackobject = val;
    }
  else
    gripe_set_invalid ("callbackobject");
}

void
figure::properties::set_integerhandle (const octave_value& val)
{
  if (! error_state)
    {
      if (integerhandle.set (val, true))
        {
          bool int_fig_handle = integerhandle.is_on ();

          graphics_object this_go = gh_manager::get_object (__myhandle__);

          graphics_handle old_myhandle = __myhandle__;

          __myhandle__ = gh_manager::get_handle (int_fig_handle);

          gh_manager::renumber_figure (old_myhandle, __myhandle__);

          graphics_object parent_go = gh_manager::get_object (get_parent ());

          base_properties& props = parent_go.get_properties ();

          props.renumber_child (old_myhandle, __myhandle__);

          Matrix kids = get_children ();

          for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < kids.numel (); i++)
            {
              graphics_object kid = gh_manager::get_object (kids(i));

              kid.get_properties ().renumber_parent (__myhandle__);
            }

          graphics_handle cf = gh_manager::current_figure ();

          if (__myhandle__ == cf)
            xset (0, "currentfigure", __myhandle__.value ());

          this_go.update (integerhandle.get_id ());

          mark_modified ();
        }
    }
}

// FIXME: This should update monitorpositions and pointerlocation, but
// as these properties are yet used, and so it doesn't matter that they
// aren't set yet.
void
root_figure::properties::update_units (void)
{
  caseless_str xunits = get_units ();

  Matrix ss = default_screensize ();

  double dpi = get_screenpixelsperinch ();

  if (xunits.compare ("inches"))
    {
      ss(0) = 0;
      ss(1) = 0;
      ss(2) /= dpi;
      ss(3) /= dpi;
    }
  else if (xunits.compare ("centimeters"))
    {
      ss(0) = 0;
      ss(1) = 0;
      ss(2) *= 2.54 / dpi;
      ss(3) *= 2.54 / dpi;
    }
  else if (xunits.compare ("normalized"))
    {
      ss = Matrix (1, 4, 1.0);
      ss(0) = 0;
      ss(1) = 0;
    }
  else if (xunits.compare ("points"))
    {
      ss(0) = 0;
      ss(1) = 0;
      ss(2) *= 72 / dpi;
      ss(3) *= 72 / dpi;
    }

  set_screensize (ss);
}

Matrix
root_figure::properties::get_boundingbox (bool, const Matrix&) const
{
  Matrix screen_size = screen_size_pixels ();
  Matrix pos = Matrix (1, 4, 0);
  pos(2) = screen_size(0);
  pos(3) = screen_size(1);
  return pos;
}

/*
%!test
%! old_units = get (0, "units");
%! unwind_protect
%!   set (0, "units", "pixels");
%!   sz = get (0, "screensize") - [1, 1, 0, 0];
%!   dpi = get (0, "screenpixelsperinch");
%!   set (0, "units", "inches");
%!   assert (get (0, "screensize"), sz / dpi, 0.5 / dpi);
%!   set (0, "units", "centimeters");
%!   assert (get (0, "screensize"), sz / dpi * 2.54, 0.5 / dpi * 2.54);
%!   set (0, "units", "points");
%!   assert (get (0, "screensize"), sz / dpi * 72, 0.5 / dpi * 72);
%!   set (0, "units", "normalized");
%!   assert (get (0, "screensize"), [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0]);
%!   set (0, "units", "pixels");
%!   assert (get (0, "screensize"), sz + [1, 1, 0, 0]);
%! unwind_protect_cleanup
%!   set (0, "units", old_units);
%! end_unwind_protect
*/

void
root_figure::properties::remove_child (const graphics_handle& gh)
{
  gh_manager::pop_figure (gh);

  graphics_handle cf = gh_manager::current_figure ();

  xset (0, "currentfigure", cf.value ());

  base_properties::remove_child (gh);
}

property_list
root_figure::factory_properties = root_figure::init_factory_properties ();

static void
reset_default_properties (property_list& default_properties)
{
  property_list new_defaults;

  for (property_list::plist_map_const_iterator p = default_properties.begin ();
       p != default_properties.end (); p++)
    {
      const property_list::pval_map_type pval_map = p->second;
      std::string prefix = p->first;

      for (property_list::pval_map_const_iterator q = pval_map.begin ();
           q != pval_map.end ();
           q++)
        {
          std::string s = q->first;

          if (prefix == "axes" && (s == "position" || s == "units"))
            new_defaults.set (prefix + s, q->second);
          else if (prefix == "figure" && (s == "position" || s == "units"
                                          || s == "windowstyle"
                                          || s == "paperunits"))
            new_defaults.set (prefix + s, q->second);
        }
    }

  default_properties = new_defaults;
}

void
root_figure::reset_default_properties (void)
{
  ::reset_default_properties (default_properties);
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------

void
figure::properties::set_currentaxes (const octave_value& v)
{
  graphics_handle val (v);

  if (error_state)
    return;

  if (xisnan (val.value ()) || is_handle (val))
    currentaxes = val;
  else
    gripe_set_invalid ("currentaxes");
}

void
figure::properties::remove_child (const graphics_handle& gh)
{
  base_properties::remove_child (gh);

  if (gh == currentaxes.handle_value ())
    {
      graphics_handle new_currentaxes;

      Matrix kids = get_children ();

      for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < kids.numel (); i++)
        {
          graphics_handle kid = kids(i);

          graphics_object go = gh_manager::get_object (kid);

          if (go.isa ("axes"))
            {
              new_currentaxes = kid;
              break;
            }
        }

      currentaxes = new_currentaxes;
    }
}

void
figure::properties::set_visible (const octave_value& val)
{
  std::string s = val.string_value ();

  if (! error_state)
    {
      if (s == "on")
        xset (0, "currentfigure", __myhandle__.value ());

      visible = val;
    }
}

Matrix
figure::properties::get_boundingbox (bool internal, const Matrix&) const
{
  Matrix screen_size = screen_size_pixels ();
  Matrix pos = (internal ?
                get_position ().matrix_value () :
                get_outerposition ().matrix_value ());

  pos = convert_position (pos, get_units (), "pixels", screen_size);

  pos(0)--;
  pos(1)--;
  pos(1) = screen_size(1) - pos(1) - pos(3);

  return pos;
}

void
figure::properties::set_boundingbox (const Matrix& bb, bool internal,
                                     bool do_notify_toolkit)
{
  Matrix screen_size = screen_size_pixels ();
  Matrix pos = bb;

  pos(1) = screen_size(1) - pos(1) - pos(3);
  pos(1)++;
  pos(0)++;
  pos = convert_position (pos, "pixels", get_units (), screen_size);

  if (internal)
    set_position (pos, do_notify_toolkit);
  else
    set_outerposition (pos, do_notify_toolkit);
}

Matrix
figure::properties::map_from_boundingbox (double x, double y) const
{
  Matrix bb = get_boundingbox (true);
  Matrix pos (1, 2, 0);

  pos(0) = x;
  pos(1) = y;

  pos(1) = bb(3) - pos(1);
  pos(0)++;
  pos = convert_position (pos, "pixels", get_units (),
                          bb.extract_n (0, 2, 1, 2));

  return pos;
}

Matrix
figure::properties::map_to_boundingbox (double x, double y) const
{
  Matrix bb = get_boundingbox (true);
  Matrix pos (1, 2, 0);

  pos(0) = x;
  pos(1) = y;

  pos = convert_position (pos, get_units (), "pixels",
                          bb.extract_n (0, 2, 1, 2));
  pos(0)--;
  pos(1) = bb(3) - pos(1);

  return pos;
}

void
figure::properties::set_position (const octave_value& v,
                                  bool do_notify_toolkit)
{
  if (! error_state)
    {
      Matrix old_bb, new_bb;
      bool modified = false;

      old_bb = get_boundingbox (true);
      modified = position.set (v, false, do_notify_toolkit);
      new_bb = get_boundingbox (true);

      if (old_bb != new_bb)
        {
          if (old_bb(2) != new_bb(2) || old_bb(3) != new_bb(3))
            {
              execute_resizefcn ();
              update_boundingbox ();
            }
        }

      if (modified)
        {
          position.run_listeners (POSTSET);
          mark_modified ();
        }
    }
}

void
figure::properties::set_outerposition (const octave_value& v,
                                       bool do_notify_toolkit)
{
  if (! error_state)
    {
      if (outerposition.set (v, true, do_notify_toolkit))
        {
          mark_modified ();
        }
    }
}

void
figure::properties::set_paperunits (const octave_value& v)
{
  if (! error_state)
    {
      caseless_str typ = get_papertype ();
      caseless_str punits = v.string_value ();
      if (! error_state)
        {
          if (punits.compare ("normalized") && typ.compare ("<custom>"))
            error ("set: can't set the paperunits to normalized when the papertype is custom");
          else
            {
              caseless_str old_paperunits = get_paperunits ();
              if (paperunits.set (v, true))
                {
                  update_paperunits (old_paperunits);
                  mark_modified ();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

void
figure::properties::set_papertype (const octave_value& v)
{
  if (! error_state)
    {
      caseless_str typ = v.string_value ();
      caseless_str punits = get_paperunits ();
      if (! error_state)
        {
          if (punits.compare ("normalized") && typ.compare ("<custom>"))
            error ("set: can't set the paperunits to normalized when the papertype is custom");
          else
            {
              if (papertype.set (v, true))
                {
                  update_papertype ();
                  mark_modified ();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

static Matrix
papersize_from_type (const caseless_str punits, const caseless_str typ)
{
  Matrix ret (1, 2, 1.0);

  if (! punits.compare ("normalized"))
    {
      double in2units;
      double mm2units;

      if (punits.compare ("inches"))
        {
          in2units = 1.0;
          mm2units = 1 / 25.4 ;
        }
      else if (punits.compare ("centimeters"))
        {
          in2units = 2.54;
          mm2units = 1 / 10.0;
        }
      else // points
        {
          in2units = 72.0;
          mm2units = 72.0 / 25.4;
        }

      if (typ.compare ("usletter"))
        {
          ret (0) = 8.5 * in2units;
          ret (1) = 11.0 * in2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("uslegal"))
        {
          ret (0) = 8.5 * in2units;
          ret (1) = 14.0 * in2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("tabloid"))
        {
          ret (0) = 11.0 * in2units;
          ret (1) = 17.0 * in2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("a0"))
        {
          ret (0) = 841.0 * mm2units;
          ret (1) = 1189.0 * mm2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("a1"))
        {
          ret (0) = 594.0 * mm2units;
          ret (1) = 841.0 * mm2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("a2"))
        {
          ret (0) = 420.0 * mm2units;
          ret (1) = 594.0 * mm2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("a3"))
        {
          ret (0) = 297.0 * mm2units;
          ret (1) = 420.0 * mm2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("a4"))
        {
          ret (0) = 210.0 * mm2units;
          ret (1) = 297.0 * mm2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("a5"))
        {
          ret (0) = 148.0 * mm2units;
          ret (1) = 210.0 * mm2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("b0"))
        {
          ret (0) = 1029.0 * mm2units;
          ret (1) = 1456.0 * mm2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("b1"))
        {
          ret (0) = 728.0 * mm2units;
          ret (1) = 1028.0 * mm2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("b2"))
        {
          ret (0) = 514.0 * mm2units;
          ret (1) = 728.0 * mm2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("b3"))
        {
          ret (0) = 364.0 * mm2units;
          ret (1) = 514.0 * mm2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("b4"))
        {
          ret (0) = 257.0 * mm2units;
          ret (1) = 364.0 * mm2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("b5"))
        {
          ret (0) = 182.0 * mm2units;
          ret (1) = 257.0 * mm2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("arch-a"))
        {
          ret (0) = 9.0 * in2units;
          ret (1) = 12.0 * in2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("arch-b"))
        {
          ret (0) = 12.0 * in2units;
          ret (1) = 18.0 * in2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("arch-c"))
        {
          ret (0) = 18.0 * in2units;
          ret (1) = 24.0 * in2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("arch-d"))
        {
          ret (0) = 24.0 * in2units;
          ret (1) = 36.0 * in2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("arch-e"))
        {
          ret (0) = 36.0 * in2units;
          ret (1) = 48.0 * in2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("a"))
        {
          ret (0) = 8.5 * in2units;
          ret (1) = 11.0 * in2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("b"))
        {
          ret (0) = 11.0 * in2units;
          ret (1) = 17.0 * in2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("c"))
        {
          ret (0) = 17.0 * in2units;
          ret (1) = 22.0 * in2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("d"))
        {
          ret (0) = 22.0 * in2units;
          ret (1) = 34.0 * in2units;
        }
      else if (typ.compare ("e"))
        {
          ret (0) = 34.0 * in2units;
          ret (1) = 43.0 * in2units;
        }
    }

  return ret;
}

void
figure::properties::update_paperunits (const caseless_str& old_paperunits)
{
  Matrix pos = get_paperposition ().matrix_value ();
  Matrix sz = get_papersize ().matrix_value ();

  pos(0) /= sz(0);
  pos(1) /= sz(1);
  pos(2) /= sz(0);
  pos(3) /= sz(1);

  std::string porient = get_paperorientation ();
  caseless_str punits = get_paperunits ();
  caseless_str typ = get_papertype ();

  if (typ.compare ("<custom>"))
    {
      if (old_paperunits.compare ("centimeters"))
        {
          sz(0) /= 2.54;
          sz(1) /= 2.54;
        }
      else if (old_paperunits.compare ("points"))
        {
          sz(0) /= 72.0;
          sz(1) /= 72.0;
        }

      if (punits.compare ("centimeters"))
        {
          sz(0) *= 2.54;
          sz(1) *= 2.54;
        }
      else if (punits.compare ("points"))
        {
          sz(0) *= 72.0;
          sz(1) *= 72.0;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      sz = papersize_from_type (punits, typ);
      if (porient == "landscape")
        std::swap (sz(0), sz(1));
    }

  pos(0) *= sz(0);
  pos(1) *= sz(1);
  pos(2) *= sz(0);
  pos(3) *= sz(1);

  papersize.set (octave_value (sz));
  paperposition.set (octave_value (pos));
}

void
figure::properties::update_papertype (void)
{
  caseless_str typ = get_papertype ();
  if (! typ.compare ("<custom>"))
    {
      Matrix sz = papersize_from_type (get_paperunits (), typ);
      if (get_paperorientation () == "landscape")
        std::swap (sz(0), sz(1));
      // Call papersize.set rather than set_papersize to avoid loops
      // between update_papersize and update_papertype
      papersize.set (octave_value (sz));
    }
}

void
figure::properties::update_papersize (void)
{
  Matrix sz = get_papersize ().matrix_value ();
  if (sz(0) > sz(1))
    {
      std::swap (sz(0), sz(1));
      papersize.set (octave_value (sz));
      paperorientation.set (octave_value ("landscape"));
    }
  else
    {
      paperorientation.set ("portrait");
    }
  std::string punits = get_paperunits ();
  if (punits == "centimeters")
    {
      sz(0) /= 2.54;
      sz(1) /= 2.54;
    }
  else if (punits == "points")
    {
      sz(0) /= 72.0;
      sz(1) /= 72.0;
    }
  if (punits == "normalized")
    {
      caseless_str typ = get_papertype ();
      if (get_papertype () == "<custom>")
        error ("set: can't set the papertype to <custom> when the paperunits is normalized");
    }
  else
    {
      // TODO - the papersizes info is also in papersize_from_type().
      // Both should be rewritten to avoid the duplication.
      std::string typ = "<custom>";
      const double mm2in = 1.0 / 25.4;
      const double tol = 0.01;

      if (std::abs (sz(0) - 8.5) + std::abs (sz(1) - 11.0) < tol)
        typ = "usletter";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 8.5) + std::abs (sz(1) - 14.0) < tol)
        typ = "uslegal";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 11.0) + std::abs (sz(1) - 17.0) < tol)
        typ = "tabloid";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 841.0 * mm2in)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 1198.0 * mm2in) < tol)
        typ = "a0";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 594.0 * mm2in)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 841.0 * mm2in) < tol)
        typ = "a1";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 420.0 * mm2in)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 594.0 * mm2in) < tol)
        typ = "a2";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 297.0 * mm2in)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 420.0 * mm2in) < tol)
        typ = "a3";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 210.0 * mm2in)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 297.0 * mm2in) < tol)
        typ = "a4";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 148.0 * mm2in)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 210.0 * mm2in) < tol)
        typ = "a5";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 1029.0 * mm2in)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 1456.0 * mm2in) < tol)
        typ = "b0";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 728.0 * mm2in)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 1028.0 * mm2in) < tol)
        typ = "b1";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 514.0 * mm2in)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 728.0 * mm2in) < tol)
        typ = "b2";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 364.0 * mm2in)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 514.0 * mm2in) < tol)
        typ = "b3";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 257.0 * mm2in)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 364.0 * mm2in) < tol)
        typ = "b4";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 182.0 * mm2in)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 257.0 * mm2in) < tol)
        typ = "b5";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 9.0) 
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 12.0) < tol)
        typ = "arch-a";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 12.0)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 18.0) < tol)
        typ = "arch-b";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 18.0)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 24.0) < tol)
        typ = "arch-c";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 24.0)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 36.0) < tol)
        typ = "arch-d";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 36.0)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 48.0) < tol)
        typ = "arch-e";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 8.5) 
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 11.0) < tol)
        typ = "a";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 11.0)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 17.0) < tol)
        typ = "b";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 17.0)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 22.0) < tol)
        typ = "c";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 22.0)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 34.0) < tol)
        typ = "d";
      else if (std::abs (sz(0) - 34.0)
               + std::abs (sz(1) - 43.0) < tol)
        typ = "e";
      // Call papertype.set rather than set_papertype to avoid loops between
      // update_papersize and update_papertype
      papertype.set (typ);
    }
  if (punits == "centimeters")
    {
      sz(0) *= 2.54;
      sz(1) *= 2.54;
    }
  else if (punits == "points")
    {
      sz(0) *= 72.0;
      sz(1) *= 72.0;
    }
  if (get_paperorientation () == "landscape")
    {
      std::swap (sz(0), sz(1));
      papersize.set (octave_value (sz));
    }
}

/*
%!test
%! hf = figure ("visible", "off");
%! unwind_protect
%!   set (hf, "paperunits", "inches");
%!   set (hf, "papersize", [5, 4]);
%!   set (hf, "paperunits", "points");
%!   assert (get (hf, "papersize"), [5, 4] * 72, 1);
%!   papersize = get (hf, "papersize");
%!   set (hf, "papersize", papersize + 1);
%!   set (hf, "papersize", papersize);
%!   assert (get (hf, "papersize"), [5, 4] * 72, 1);
%! unwind_protect_cleanup
%!   close (hf);
%! end_unwind_protect

%!test
%! hf = figure ("visible", "off");
%! unwind_protect
%!   set (hf, "paperunits", "inches");
%!   set (hf, "papersize", [5, 4]);
%!   set (hf, "paperunits", "centimeters");
%!   assert (get (hf, "papersize"), [5, 4] * 2.54, 2.54/72);
%!   papersize = get (hf, "papersize");
%!   set (hf, "papersize", papersize + 1);
%!   set (hf, "papersize", papersize);
%!   assert (get (hf, "papersize"), [5, 4] * 2.54, 2.54/72);
%! unwind_protect_cleanup
%!   close (hf);
%! end_unwind_protect
*/

void
figure::properties::update_paperorientation (void)
{
  std::string porient = get_paperorientation ();
  Matrix sz = get_papersize ().matrix_value ();
  Matrix pos = get_paperposition ().matrix_value ();
  if ((sz(0) > sz(1) && porient == "portrait")
      || (sz(0) < sz(1) && porient == "landscape"))
    {
      std::swap (sz(0), sz(1));
      std::swap (pos(0), pos(1));
      std::swap (pos(2), pos(3));
      // Call papertype.set rather than set_papertype to avoid loops
      // between update_papersize and update_papertype
      papersize.set (octave_value (sz));
      paperposition.set (octave_value (pos));
    }
}

/*
%!test
%! hf = figure ("visible", "off");
%! unwind_protect
%!   tol = 100 * eps ();
%!   ## UPPER case and MiXed case is part of test and should not be changed.
%!   set (hf, "paperorientation", "PORTRAIT");
%!   set (hf, "paperunits", "inches");
%!   set (hf, "papertype", "USletter");
%!   assert (get (hf, "papersize"), [8.5, 11.0], tol);
%!   set (hf, "paperorientation", "Landscape");
%!   assert (get (hf, "papersize"), [11.0, 8.5], tol);
%!   set (hf, "paperunits", "centimeters");
%!   assert (get (hf, "papersize"), [11.0, 8.5] * 2.54, tol);
%!   set (hf, "papertype", "a4");
%!   assert (get (hf, "papersize"), [29.7, 21.0], tol);
%!   set (hf, "paperunits", "inches", "papersize", [8.5, 11.0]);
%!   assert (get (hf, "papertype"), "usletter");
%!   assert (get (hf, "paperorientation"), "portrait");
%!   set (hf, "papersize", [11.0, 8.5]);
%!   assert (get (hf, "papertype"), "usletter");
%!   assert (get (hf, "paperorientation"), "landscape");
%! unwind_protect_cleanup
%!   close (hf);
%! end_unwind_protect
*/

void
figure::properties::set_units (const octave_value& v)
{
  if (! error_state)
    {
      caseless_str old_units = get_units ();
      if (units.set (v, true))
        {
          update_units (old_units);
          mark_modified ();
        }
    }
}

void
figure::properties::update_units (const caseless_str& old_units)
{
  position.set (convert_position (get_position ().matrix_value (), old_units,
                                  get_units (), screen_size_pixels ()), false);
}

/*
%!test
%! hf = figure ("visible", "off");
%! old_units = get (0, "units");
%! unwind_protect
%!   set (0, "units", "pixels");
%!   rsz = get (0, "screensize");
%!   set (gcf (), "units", "pixels");
%!   fsz = get (gcf (), "position");
%!   set (gcf (), "units", "normalized");
%!   pos = get (gcf (), "position");
%!   assert (pos, (fsz - [1, 1, 0, 0]) ./ rsz([3, 4, 3, 4]));
%! unwind_protect_cleanup
%!   close (hf);
%!   set (0, "units", old_units);
%! end_unwind_protect
*/

std::string
figure::properties::get_title (void) const
{
  if (is_numbertitle ())
    {
      std::ostringstream os;
      std::string nm = get_name ();

      os << "Figure " << __myhandle__.value ();
      if (! nm.empty ())
        os << ": " << get_name ();

      return os.str ();
    }
  else
    return get_name ();
}

octave_value
figure::get_default (const caseless_str& name) const
{
  octave_value retval = default_properties.lookup (name);

  if (retval.is_undefined ())
    {
      graphics_handle parent = get_parent ();
      graphics_object parent_obj = gh_manager::get_object (parent);

      retval = parent_obj.get_default (name);
    }

  return retval;
}

void
figure::reset_default_properties (void)
{
  ::reset_default_properties (default_properties);
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------

void
axes::properties::init (void)
{
  position.add_constraint (dim_vector (1, 4));
  outerposition.add_constraint (dim_vector (1, 4));
  tightinset.add_constraint (dim_vector (1, 4));
  looseinset.add_constraint (dim_vector (1, 4));
  colororder.add_constraint (dim_vector (-1, 3));
  dataaspectratio.add_constraint (dim_vector (1, 3));
  plotboxaspectratio.add_constraint (dim_vector (1, 3));
  alim.add_constraint (2);
  clim.add_constraint (2);
  xlim.add_constraint (2);
  ylim.add_constraint (2);
  zlim.add_constraint (2);
  xtick.add_constraint (dim_vector (1, -1));
  ytick.add_constraint (dim_vector (1, -1));
  ztick.add_constraint (dim_vector (1, -1));
  ticklength.add_constraint (dim_vector (1, 2));
  Matrix vw (1, 2, 0);
  vw(1) = 90;
  view = vw;
  view.add_constraint (dim_vector (1, 2));
  cameraposition.add_constraint (dim_vector (1, 3));
  cameratarget.add_constraint (dim_vector (1, 3));
  Matrix upv (1, 3, 0.0);
  upv(2) = 1.0;
  cameraupvector = upv;
  cameraupvector.add_constraint (dim_vector (1, 3));
  currentpoint.add_constraint (dim_vector (2, 3));
  // No constraints for hidden transform properties
  update_font ();

  x_zlim.resize (1, 2);

  sx = "linear";
  sy = "linear";
  sz = "linear";

  calc_ticklabels (xtick, xticklabel, xscale.is ("log"));
  calc_ticklabels (ytick, yticklabel, yscale.is ("log"));
  calc_ticklabels (ztick, zticklabel, zscale.is ("log"));

  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "handlevisibility", "off");
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "handlevisibility", "off");
  xset (zlabel.handle_value (), "handlevisibility", "off");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "handlevisibility", "off");

  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "horizontalalignment", "center");
  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "horizontalalignmentmode", "auto");
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "horizontalalignment", "center");
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "horizontalalignmentmode", "auto");
  xset (zlabel.handle_value (), "horizontalalignment", "right");
  xset (zlabel.handle_value (), "horizontalalignmentmode", "auto");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "horizontalalignment", "center");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "horizontalalignmentmode", "auto");

  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "verticalalignment", "top");
  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "verticalalignmentmode", "auto");
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "verticalalignment", "bottom");
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "verticalalignmentmode", "auto");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "verticalalignment", "bottom");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "verticalalignmentmode", "auto");

  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "rotation", 90.0);
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "rotationmode", "auto");

  xset (zlabel.handle_value (), "visible", "off");

  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "clipping", "off");
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "clipping", "off");
  xset (zlabel.handle_value (), "clipping", "off");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "clipping", "off");

  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "autopos_tag", "xlabel");
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "autopos_tag", "ylabel");
  xset (zlabel.handle_value (), "autopos_tag", "zlabel");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "autopos_tag", "title");

  adopt (xlabel.handle_value ());
  adopt (ylabel.handle_value ());
  adopt (zlabel.handle_value ());
  adopt (title.handle_value ());

  Matrix tlooseinset = default_axes_position ();
  tlooseinset(2) = 1-tlooseinset(0)-tlooseinset(2);
  tlooseinset(3) = 1-tlooseinset(1)-tlooseinset(3);
  looseinset = tlooseinset;
}

Matrix
axes::properties::calc_tightbox (const Matrix& init_pos)
{
  Matrix pos = init_pos;
  graphics_object obj = gh_manager::get_object (get_parent ());
  Matrix parent_bb = obj.get_properties ().get_boundingbox (true);
  Matrix ext = get_extent (true, true);
  ext(1) = parent_bb(3) - ext(1) - ext(3);
  ext(0)++;
  ext(1)++;
  ext = convert_position (ext, "pixels", get_units (),
                          parent_bb.extract_n (0, 2, 1, 2));
  if (ext(0) < pos(0))
    {
      pos(2) += pos(0)-ext(0);
      pos(0) = ext(0);
    }
  if (ext(0)+ext(2) > pos(0)+pos(2))
    pos(2) = ext(0)+ext(2)-pos(0);

  if (ext(1) < pos(1))
    {
      pos(3) += pos(1)-ext(1);
      pos(1) = ext(1);
    }
  if (ext(1)+ext(3) > pos(1)+pos(3))
    pos(3) = ext(1)+ext(3)-pos(1);
  return pos;
}

void
axes::properties::sync_positions (void)
{
  // First part is equivalent to `update_tightinset ()'
  if (activepositionproperty.is ("position"))
    update_position ();
  else
    update_outerposition ();
  caseless_str old_units = get_units ();
  set_units ("normalized");
  Matrix pos = position.get ().matrix_value ();
  Matrix outpos = outerposition.get ().matrix_value ();
  Matrix tightpos = calc_tightbox (pos);
  Matrix tinset (1, 4, 1.0);
  tinset(0) = pos(0)-tightpos(0);
  tinset(1) = pos(1)-tightpos(1);
  tinset(2) = tightpos(0)+tightpos(2)-pos(0)-pos(2);
  tinset(3) = tightpos(1)+tightpos(3)-pos(1)-pos(3);
  tightinset = tinset;
  set_units (old_units);
  update_transform ();
  if (activepositionproperty.is ("position"))
    update_position ();
  else
    update_outerposition ();
}

/*
%!testif HAVE_FLTK
%! hf = figure ("visible", "off");
%! graphics_toolkit (hf, "fltk");
%! unwind_protect
%!   subplot(2,1,1); plot(rand(10,1)); subplot(2,1,2); plot(rand(10,1));
%!   hax = findall (gcf (), "type", "axes");
%!   positions = cell2mat (get (hax, "position"));
%!   outerpositions = cell2mat (get (hax, "outerposition"));
%!   looseinsets = cell2mat (get (hax, "looseinset"));
%!   tightinsets = cell2mat (get (hax, "tightinset"));
%!   subplot(2,1,1); plot(rand(10,1)); subplot(2,1,2); plot(rand(10,1));
%!   hax = findall (gcf (), "type", "axes");
%!   assert (cell2mat (get (hax, "position")), positions, 1e-4);
%!   assert (cell2mat (get (hax, "outerposition")), outerpositions, 1e-4);
%!   assert (cell2mat (get (hax, "looseinset")), looseinsets, 1e-4);
%!   assert (cell2mat (get (hax, "tightinset")), tightinsets, 1e-4);
%! unwind_protect_cleanup
%!   close (hf);
%! end_unwind_protect
%!testif HAVE_FLTK
%! hf = figure ("visible", "off");
%! graphics_toolkit (hf, "fltk");
%! fpos = get (hf, "position");
%! unwind_protect
%!   plot (rand (3))
%!   position = get (gca, "position");
%!   outerposition = get (gca, "outerposition");
%!   looseinset = get (gca, "looseinset");
%!   tightinset = get (gca, "tightinset");
%!   set (hf, "position", [fpos(1:2), 2*fpos(3:4)])
%!   set (hf, "position", fpos);
%!   assert (get (gca, "outerposition"), outerposition, 0.001)
%!   assert (get (gca, "position"), position, 0.001)
%!   assert (get (gca, "looseinset"), looseinset, 0.001)
%!   assert (get (gca, "tightinset"), tightinset, 0.001)
%! unwind_protect_cleanup
%!   close (hf);
%! end_unwind_protect
%!testif HAVE_FLTK
%! hf = figure ("visible", "off");
%! graphics_toolkit (hf, "fltk");
%! fpos = get (hf, "position");
%! set (gca, "activepositionproperty", "position")
%! unwind_protect
%!   plot (rand (3))
%!   position = get (gca, "position");
%!   outerposition = get (gca, "outerposition");
%!   looseinset = get (gca, "looseinset");
%!   tightinset = get (gca, "tightinset");
%!   set (hf, "position", [fpos(1:2), 2*fpos(3:4)])
%!   set (hf, "position", fpos);
%!   assert (get (gca, "position"), position, 0.001)
%!   assert (get (gca, "outerposition"), outerposition, 0.001)
%!   assert (get (gca, "looseinset"), looseinset, 0.001)
%!   assert (get (gca, "tightinset"), tightinset, 0.001)
%! unwind_protect_cleanup
%!   close (hf);
%! end_unwind_protect
*/

void
axes::properties::set_text_child (handle_property& hp,
                                  const std::string& who,
                                  const octave_value& v)
{
  graphics_handle val;

  if (v.is_string ())
    {
      val = gh_manager::make_graphics_handle ("text", __myhandle__,
                                              false, false);

      xset (val, "string", v);
    }
  else
    {
      graphics_object go = gh_manager::get_object (gh_manager::lookup (v));

      if (go.isa ("text"))
        val = ::reparent (v, "set", who, __myhandle__, false);
      else
        {
          std::string cname = v.class_name ();

          error ("set: expecting text graphics object or character string for %s property, found %s",
                 who.c_str (), cname.c_str ());
        }
    }

  if (! error_state)
    {
      xset (val, "handlevisibility", "off");

      gh_manager::free (hp.handle_value ());

      base_properties::remove_child (hp.handle_value ());

      hp = val;

      adopt (hp.handle_value ());
    }
}

void
axes::properties::set_xlabel (const octave_value& v)
{
  set_text_child (xlabel, "xlabel", v);
  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "positionmode", "auto");
  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "rotationmode", "auto");
  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "horizontalalignmentmode", "auto");
  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "verticalalignmentmode", "auto");
  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "clipping", "off");
  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "color", get_xcolor ());
  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "autopos_tag", "xlabel");
  update_xlabel_position ();
}

void
axes::properties::set_ylabel (const octave_value& v)
{
  set_text_child (ylabel, "ylabel", v);
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "positionmode", "auto");
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "rotationmode", "auto");
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "horizontalalignmentmode", "auto");
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "verticalalignmentmode", "auto");
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "clipping", "off");
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "color", get_ycolor ());
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "autopos_tag", "ylabel");
  update_ylabel_position ();
}

void
axes::properties::set_zlabel (const octave_value& v)
{
  set_text_child (zlabel, "zlabel", v);
  xset (zlabel.handle_value (), "positionmode", "auto");
  xset (zlabel.handle_value (), "rotationmode", "auto");
  xset (zlabel.handle_value (), "horizontalalignmentmode", "auto");
  xset (zlabel.handle_value (), "verticalalignmentmode", "auto");
  xset (zlabel.handle_value (), "clipping", "off");
  xset (zlabel.handle_value (), "color", get_zcolor ());
  xset (zlabel.handle_value (), "autopos_tag", "zlabel");
  update_zlabel_position ();
}

void
axes::properties::set_title (const octave_value& v)
{
  set_text_child (title, "title", v);
  xset (title.handle_value (), "positionmode", "auto");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "horizontalalignment", "center");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "horizontalalignmentmode", "auto");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "verticalalignment", "bottom");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "verticalalignmentmode", "auto");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "clipping", "off");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "autopos_tag", "title");
  update_title_position ();
}

void
axes::properties::set_defaults (base_graphics_object& obj,
                                const std::string& mode)
{
  box = "on";
  colororder = default_colororder ();
  // Note: dataspectratio will be set through update_aspectratios
  dataaspectratiomode = "auto";
  layer = "bottom";

  Matrix tlim (1, 2, 0.0);
  tlim(1) = 1;
  xlim = tlim;
  ylim = tlim;
  zlim = tlim;

  Matrix cl (1, 2, 0);
  cl(1) = 1;
  clim = cl;

  alim = tlim;

  xlimmode = "auto";
  ylimmode = "auto";
  zlimmode = "auto";
  climmode = "auto";
  alimmode = "auto";

  xgrid = "off";
  ygrid = "off";
  zgrid = "off";
  xminorgrid = "off";
  yminorgrid = "off";
  zminorgrid = "off";
  xtick = Matrix ();
  ytick = Matrix ();
  ztick = Matrix ();
  xtickmode = "auto";
  ytickmode = "auto";
  ztickmode = "auto";
  xminortick = "off";
  yminortick = "off";
  zminortick = "off";
  xticklabel = "";
  yticklabel = "";
  zticklabel = "";
  xticklabelmode = "auto";
  yticklabelmode = "auto";
  zticklabelmode = "auto";

  interpreter = "none";

  color = color_values ("white");
  xcolor = color_values ("black");
  ycolor = color_values ("black");
  zcolor = color_values ("black");
  xscale = "linear";
  yscale = "linear";
  zscale = "linear";
  xdir = "normal";
  ydir = "normal";
  zdir = "normal";
  yaxislocation = "left";
  xaxislocation = "bottom";

  Matrix tview (1, 2, 0.0);
  tview(1) = 90;
  view = tview;

  __hold_all__ = "off";
  nextplot = "replace";

  ambientlightcolor = Matrix (1, 3, 1.0);

  // Note: camera properties (not mode) will be set in update_transform
  camerapositionmode = "auto";
  cameratargetmode = "auto";
  cameraupvectormode = "auto";
  cameraviewanglemode = "auto";

  drawmode = "normal";

  fontangle = "normal";
  fontname = OCTAVE_DEFAULT_FONTNAME;
  fontsize = 10;
  fontunits = "points";
  fontweight = "normal";

  gridlinestyle = ":";
  linestyleorder = "-";
  linewidth = 0.5;
  minorgridlinestyle = ":";

  // Note: plotboxaspectratio will be set through update_aspectratios
  plotboxaspectratiomode = "auto";
  projection = "orthographic";

  tickdir = "in";
  tickdirmode = "auto";
  ticklength = default_axes_ticklength ();

  tightinset = Matrix (1, 4, 0.0);

  sx = "linear";
  sy = "linear";
  sz = "linear";

  visible = "on";

  // Replace preserves Position and Units properties
  if (mode != "replace")
    {
      outerposition = default_axes_outerposition ();
      position = default_axes_position ();
      activepositionproperty = "outerposition";
    }

  delete_children (true);

  xlabel = gh_manager::make_graphics_handle ("text", __myhandle__,
                                             false, false);

  ylabel = gh_manager::make_graphics_handle ("text", __myhandle__,
                                             false, false);

  zlabel = gh_manager::make_graphics_handle ("text", __myhandle__,
                                             false, false);

  title = gh_manager::make_graphics_handle ("text", __myhandle__,
                                            false, false);

  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "handlevisibility", "off");
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "handlevisibility", "off");
  xset (zlabel.handle_value (), "handlevisibility", "off");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "handlevisibility", "off");

  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "horizontalalignment", "center");
  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "horizontalalignmentmode", "auto");
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "horizontalalignment", "center");
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "horizontalalignmentmode", "auto");
  xset (zlabel.handle_value (), "horizontalalignment", "right");
  xset (zlabel.handle_value (), "horizontalalignmentmode", "auto");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "horizontalalignment", "center");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "horizontalalignmentmode", "auto");

  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "verticalalignment", "top");
  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "verticalalignmentmode", "auto");
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "verticalalignment", "bottom");
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "verticalalignmentmode", "auto");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "verticalalignment", "bottom");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "verticalalignmentmode", "auto");

  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "rotation", 90.0);
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "rotationmode", "auto");

  xset (zlabel.handle_value (), "visible", "off");

  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "clipping", "off");
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "clipping", "off");
  xset (zlabel.handle_value (), "clipping", "off");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "clipping", "off");

  xset (xlabel.handle_value (), "autopos_tag", "xlabel");
  xset (ylabel.handle_value (), "autopos_tag", "ylabel");
  xset (zlabel.handle_value (), "autopos_tag", "zlabel");
  xset (title.handle_value (), "autopos_tag", "title");

  adopt (xlabel.handle_value ());
  adopt (ylabel.handle_value ());
  adopt (zlabel.handle_value ());
  adopt (title.handle_value ());

  update_transform ();
  sync_positions ();
  override_defaults (obj);
}

void
axes::properties::delete_text_child (handle_property& hp)
{
  graphics_handle h = hp.handle_value ();

  if (h.ok ())
    {
      graphics_object go = gh_manager::get_object (h);

      if (go.valid_object ())
        gh_manager::free (h);

      base_properties::remove_child (h);
    }

  // FIXME: is it necessary to check whether the axes object is
  // being deleted now?  I think this function is only called when an
  // individual child object is delete and not when the parent axes
  // object is deleted.

  if (! is_beingdeleted ())
    {
      hp = gh_manager::make_graphics_handle ("text", __myhandle__,
                                             false, false);

      xset (hp.handle_value (), "handlevisibility", "off");

      adopt (hp.handle_value ());
    }
}

void
axes::properties::remove_child (const graphics_handle& h)
{
  if (xlabel.handle_value ().ok () && h == xlabel.handle_value ())
    delete_text_child (xlabel);
  else if (ylabel.handle_value ().ok () && h == ylabel.handle_value ())
    delete_text_child (ylabel);
  else if (zlabel.handle_value ().ok () && h == zlabel.handle_value ())
    delete_text_child (zlabel);
  else if (title.handle_value ().ok () && h == title.handle_value ())
    delete_text_child (title);
  else
    base_properties::remove_child (h);
}

inline Matrix
xform_matrix (void)
{
  Matrix m (4, 4, 0.0);
  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
    m(i,i) = 1;
  return m;
}

inline ColumnVector
xform_vector (void)
{
  ColumnVector v (4, 0.0);
  v(3) = 1;
  return v;
}

inline ColumnVector
xform_vector (double x, double y, double z)
{
  ColumnVector v (4, 1.0);
  v(0) = x; v(1) = y; v(2) = z;
  return v;
}

inline ColumnVector
transform (const Matrix& m, double x, double y, double z)
{
  return (m * xform_vector (x, y, z));
}

inline Matrix
xform_scale (double x, double y, double z)
{
  Matrix m (4, 4, 0.0);
  m(0,0) = x; m(1,1) = y; m(2,2) = z; m(3,3) = 1;
  return m;
}

inline Matrix
xform_translate (double x, double y, double z)
{
  Matrix m = xform_matrix ();
  m(0,3) = x; m(1,3) = y; m(2,3) = z; m(3,3) = 1;
  return m;
}

inline void
scale (Matrix& m, double x, double y, double z)
{
  m = m * xform_scale (x, y, z);
}

inline void
translate (Matrix& m, double x, double y, double z)
{
  m = m * xform_translate (x, y, z);
}

inline void
xform (ColumnVector& v, const Matrix& m)
{
  v = m*v;
}

inline void
scale (ColumnVector& v, double x, double y, double z)
{
  v(0) *= x;
  v(1) *= y;
  v(2) *= z;
}

inline void
translate (ColumnVector& v, double x, double y, double z)
{
  v(0) += x;
  v(1) += y;
  v(2) += z;
}

inline void
normalize (ColumnVector& v)
{
  double fact = 1.0 / sqrt (v(0)*v(0)+v(1)*v(1)+v(2)*v(2));
  scale (v, fact, fact, fact);
}

inline double
dot (const ColumnVector& v1, const ColumnVector& v2)
{
  return (v1(0)*v2(0)+v1(1)*v2(1)+v1(2)*v2(2));
}

inline double
norm (const ColumnVector& v)
{
  return sqrt (dot (v, v));
}

inline ColumnVector
cross (const ColumnVector& v1, const ColumnVector& v2)
{
  ColumnVector r = xform_vector ();
  r(0) = v1(1)*v2(2)-v1(2)*v2(1);
  r(1) = v1(2)*v2(0)-v1(0)*v2(2);
  r(2) = v1(0)*v2(1)-v1(1)*v2(0);
  return r;
}

inline Matrix
unit_cube (void)
{
  static double data[32] =
  {
    0,0,0,1,
    1,0,0,1,
    0,1,0,1,
    0,0,1,1,
    1,1,0,1,
    1,0,1,1,
    0,1,1,1,
    1,1,1,1
  };
  Matrix m (4, 8);
  memcpy (m.fortran_vec (), data, sizeof (double)*32);
  return m;
}

inline ColumnVector
cam2xform (const Array<double>& m)
{
  ColumnVector retval (4, 1.0);
  memcpy (retval.fortran_vec (), m.fortran_vec (), sizeof (double)*3);
  return retval;
}

inline RowVector
xform2cam (const ColumnVector& v)
{
  return v.extract_n (0, 3).transpose ();
}

void
axes::properties::update_camera (void)
{
  double xd = (xdir_is ("normal") ? 1 : -1);
  double yd = (ydir_is ("normal") ? 1 : -1);
  double zd = (zdir_is ("normal") ? 1 : -1);

  Matrix xlimits = sx.scale (get_xlim ().matrix_value ());
  Matrix ylimits = sy.scale (get_ylim ().matrix_value ());
  Matrix zlimits = sz.scale (get_zlim ().matrix_value ());

  double xo = xlimits(xd > 0 ? 0 : 1);
  double yo = ylimits(yd > 0 ? 0 : 1);
  double zo = zlimits(zd > 0 ? 0 : 1);

  Matrix pb = get_plotboxaspectratio ().matrix_value ();

  bool autocam = (camerapositionmode_is ("auto")
                  && cameratargetmode_is ("auto")
                  && cameraupvectormode_is ("auto")
                  && cameraviewanglemode_is ("auto"));
  bool dowarp = (autocam && dataaspectratiomode_is ("auto")
                 && plotboxaspectratiomode_is ("auto"));

  ColumnVector c_eye (xform_vector ());
  ColumnVector c_center (xform_vector ());
  ColumnVector c_upv (xform_vector ());

  if (cameratargetmode_is ("auto"))
    {
      c_center(0) = (xlimits(0)+xlimits(1))/2;
      c_center(1) = (ylimits(0)+ylimits(1))/2;
      c_center(2) = (zlimits(0)+zlimits(1))/2;

      cameratarget = xform2cam (c_center);
    }
  else
    c_center = cam2xform (get_cameratarget ().matrix_value ());

  if (camerapositionmode_is ("auto"))
    {
      Matrix tview = get_view ().matrix_value ();
      double az = tview(0), el = tview(1);
      double d = 5 * sqrt (pb(0)*pb(0)+pb(1)*pb(1)+pb(2)*pb(2));

      if (el == 90 || el == -90)
        c_eye(2) = d*signum (el);
      else
        {
          az *= M_PI/180.0;
          el *= M_PI/180.0;
          c_eye(0) = d * cos (el) * sin (az);
          c_eye(1) = -d* cos (el) * cos (az);
          c_eye(2) = d * sin (el);
        }
      c_eye(0) = c_eye(0)*(xlimits(1)-xlimits(0))/(xd*pb(0))+c_center(0);
      c_eye(1) = c_eye(1)*(ylimits(1)-ylimits(0))/(yd*pb(1))+c_center(1);
      c_eye(2) = c_eye(2)*(zlimits(1)-zlimits(0))/(zd*pb(2))+c_center(2);

      cameraposition = xform2cam (c_eye);
    }
  else
    c_eye = cam2xform (get_cameraposition ().matrix_value ());

  if (cameraupvectormode_is ("auto"))
    {
      Matrix tview = get_view ().matrix_value ();
      double az = tview(0), el = tview(1);

      if (el == 90 || el == -90)
        {
          c_upv(0) =
            -signum (el) *sin (az*M_PI/180.0)*(xlimits(1)-xlimits(0))/pb(0);
          c_upv(1) =
            signum (el) * cos (az*M_PI/180.0)*(ylimits(1)-ylimits(0))/pb(1);
        }
      else
        c_upv(2) = 1;

      cameraupvector = xform2cam (c_upv);
    }
  else
    c_upv = cam2xform (get_cameraupvector ().matrix_value ());

  Matrix x_view = xform_matrix ();
  Matrix x_projection = xform_matrix ();
  Matrix x_viewport = xform_matrix ();
  Matrix x_normrender = xform_matrix ();
  Matrix x_pre = xform_matrix ();

  x_render = xform_matrix ();
  x_render_inv = xform_matrix ();

  scale (x_pre, pb(0), pb(1), pb(2));
  translate (x_pre, -0.5, -0.5, -0.5);
  scale (x_pre, xd/(xlimits(1)-xlimits(0)), yd/(ylimits(1)-ylimits(0)),
         zd/(zlimits(1)-zlimits(0)));
  translate (x_pre, -xo, -yo, -zo);

  xform (c_eye, x_pre);
  xform (c_center, x_pre);
  scale (c_upv, pb(0)/(xlimits(1)-xlimits(0)), pb(1)/(ylimits(1)-ylimits(0)),
         pb(2)/(zlimits(1)-zlimits(0)));
  translate (c_center, -c_eye(0), -c_eye(1), -c_eye(2));

  ColumnVector F (c_center), f (F), UP (c_upv);
  normalize (f);
  normalize (UP);

  if (std::abs (dot (f, UP)) > 1e-15)
    {
      double fa = 1 / sqrt(1-f(2)*f(2));
      scale (UP, fa, fa, fa);
    }

  ColumnVector s = cross (f, UP);
  ColumnVector u = cross (s, f);

  scale (x_view, 1, 1, -1);
  Matrix l = xform_matrix ();
  l(0,0) = s(0); l(0,1) = s(1); l(0,2) = s(2);
  l(1,0) = u(0); l(1,1) = u(1); l(1,2) = u(2);
  l(2,0) = -f(0); l(2,1) = -f(1); l(2,2) = -f(2);
  x_view = x_view * l;
  translate (x_view, -c_eye(0), -c_eye(1), -c_eye(2));
  scale (x_view, pb(0), pb(1), pb(2));
  translate (x_view, -0.5, -0.5, -0.5);

  Matrix x_cube = x_view * unit_cube ();
  ColumnVector cmin = x_cube.row_min (), cmax = x_cube.row_max ();
  double xM = cmax(0)-cmin(0);
  double yM = cmax(1)-cmin(1);

  Matrix bb = get_boundingbox (true);

  double v_angle;

  if (cameraviewanglemode_is ("auto"))
    {
      double af;

      // FIXME: was this really needed?  When compared to Matlab, it
      // does not seem to be required. Need investigation with concrete
      // graphics toolkit to see results visually.
      if (false && dowarp)
        af = 1.0 / (xM > yM ? xM : yM);
      else
        {
          if ((bb(2)/bb(3)) > (xM/yM))
            af = 1.0 / yM;
          else
            af = 1.0 / xM;
        }
      v_angle = 2 * (180.0 / M_PI) * atan (1 / (2 * af * norm (F)));

      cameraviewangle = v_angle;
    }
  else
    v_angle = get_cameraviewangle ();

  double pf = 1 / (2 * tan ((v_angle / 2) * M_PI / 180.0) * norm (F));
  scale (x_projection, pf, pf, 1);

  if (dowarp)
    {
      xM *= pf;
      yM *= pf;
      translate (x_viewport, bb(0)+bb(2)/2, bb(1)+bb(3)/2, 0);
      scale (x_viewport, bb(2)/xM, -bb(3)/yM, 1);
    }
  else
    {
      double pix = 1;
      if (autocam)
        {
          if ((bb(2)/bb(3)) > (xM/yM))
            pix = bb(3);
          else
            pix = bb(2);
        }
      else
        pix = (bb(2) < bb(3) ? bb(2) : bb(3));
      translate (x_viewport, bb(0)+bb(2)/2, bb(1)+bb(3)/2, 0);
      scale (x_viewport, pix, -pix, 1);
    }

  x_normrender = x_viewport * x_projection * x_view;

  x_cube = x_normrender * unit_cube ();
  cmin = x_cube.row_min ();
  cmax = x_cube.row_max ();
  x_zlim.resize (1, 2);
  x_zlim(0) = cmin(2);
  x_zlim(1) = cmax(2);

  x_render = x_normrender;
  scale (x_render, xd/(xlimits(1)-xlimits(0)), yd/(ylimits(1)-ylimits(0)),
         zd/(zlimits(1)-zlimits(0)));
  translate (x_render, -xo, -yo, -zo);

  x_viewtransform = x_view;
  x_projectiontransform = x_projection;
  x_viewporttransform = x_viewport;
  x_normrendertransform = x_normrender;
  x_rendertransform = x_render;

  x_render_inv = x_render.inverse ();

  // Note: these matrices are a slight modified version of the regular
  // matrices, more suited for OpenGL rendering (x_gl_mat1 => light
  // => x_gl_mat2)
  x_gl_mat1 = x_view;
  scale (x_gl_mat1, xd/(xlimits(1)-xlimits(0)), yd/(ylimits(1)-ylimits(0)),
         zd/(zlimits(1)-zlimits(0)));
  translate (x_gl_mat1, -xo, -yo, -zo);
  x_gl_mat2 = x_viewport * x_projection;
}

static bool updating_axes_layout = false;

void
axes::properties::update_axes_layout (void)
{
  if (updating_axes_layout)
    return;

  graphics_xform xform = get_transform ();

  double xd = (xdir_is ("normal") ? 1 : -1);
  double yd = (ydir_is ("normal") ? 1 : -1);
  double zd = (zdir_is ("normal") ? 1 : -1);

  const Matrix xlims = xform.xscale (get_xlim ().matrix_value ());
  const Matrix ylims = xform.yscale (get_ylim ().matrix_value ());
  const Matrix zlims = xform.zscale (get_zlim ().matrix_value ());
  double x_min = xlims(0), x_max = xlims(1);
  double y_min = ylims(0), y_max = ylims(1);
  double z_min = zlims(0), z_max = zlims(1);

  ColumnVector p1, p2, dir (3);

  xstate = ystate = zstate = AXE_ANY_DIR;

  p1 = xform.transform (x_min, (y_min+y_max)/2, (z_min+z_max)/2, false);
  p2 = xform.transform (x_max, (y_min+y_max)/2, (z_min+z_max)/2, false);
  dir(0) = xround (p2(0)-p1(0));
  dir(1) = xround (p2(1)-p1(1));
  dir(2) = (p2(2)-p1(2));
  if (dir(0) == 0 && dir(1) == 0)
    xstate = AXE_DEPTH_DIR;
  else if (dir(2) == 0)
    {
      if (dir(0) == 0)
        xstate = AXE_VERT_DIR;
      else if (dir(1) == 0)
        xstate = AXE_HORZ_DIR;
    }

  if (dir(2) == 0)
    {
      if (dir(1) == 0)
        xPlane = (dir(0) > 0 ? x_max : x_min);
      else
        xPlane = (dir(1) < 0 ? x_max : x_min);
    }
  else
    xPlane = (dir(2) < 0 ? x_min : x_max);

  xPlaneN = (xPlane == x_min ? x_max : x_min);
  fx = (x_max-x_min) / sqrt (dir(0)*dir(0)+dir(1)*dir(1));

  p1 = xform.transform ((x_min+x_max)/2, y_min, (z_min+z_max)/2, false);
  p2 = xform.transform ((x_min+x_max)/2, y_max, (z_min+z_max)/2, false);
  dir(0) = xround (p2(0)-p1(0));
  dir(1) = xround (p2(1)-p1(1));
  dir(2) = (p2(2)-p1(2));
  if (dir(0) == 0 && dir(1) == 0)
    ystate = AXE_DEPTH_DIR;
  else if (dir(2) == 0)
    {
      if (dir(0) == 0)
        ystate = AXE_VERT_DIR;
      else if (dir(1) == 0)
        ystate = AXE_HORZ_DIR;
    }

  if (dir(2) == 0)
    {
      if (dir(1) == 0)
        yPlane = (dir(0) > 0 ? y_max : y_min);
      else
        yPlane = (dir(1) < 0 ? y_max : y_min);
    }
  else
    yPlane = (dir(2) < 0 ? y_min : y_max);

  yPlaneN = (yPlane == y_min ? y_max : y_min);
  fy = (y_max-y_min) / sqrt (dir(0)*dir(0)+dir(1)*dir(1));

  p1 = xform.transform ((x_min+x_max)/2, (y_min+y_max)/2, z_min, false);
  p2 = xform.transform ((x_min+x_max)/2, (y_min+y_max)/2, z_max, false);
  dir(0) = xround (p2(0)-p1(0));
  dir(1) = xround (p2(1)-p1(1));
  dir(2) = (p2(2)-p1(2));
  if (dir(0) == 0 && dir(1) == 0)
    zstate = AXE_DEPTH_DIR;
  else if (dir(2) == 0)
    {
      if (dir(0) == 0)
        zstate = AXE_VERT_DIR;
      else if (dir(1) == 0)
        zstate = AXE_HORZ_DIR;
    }

  if (dir(2) == 0)
    {
      if (dir(1) == 0)
        zPlane = (dir(0) > 0 ? z_min : z_max);
      else
        zPlane = (dir(1) < 0 ? z_min : z_max);
    }
  else
    zPlane = (dir(2) < 0 ? z_min : z_max);

  zPlaneN = (zPlane == z_min ? z_max : z_min);
  fz = (z_max-z_min) / sqrt (dir(0)*dir(0)+dir(1)*dir(1));

  unwind_protect frame;
  frame.protect_var (updating_axes_layout);
  updating_axes_layout = true;

  xySym = (xd*yd*(xPlane-xPlaneN)*(yPlane-yPlaneN) > 0);
  zSign = (zd*(zPlane-zPlaneN) <= 0);
  xyzSym = zSign ? xySym : !xySym;
  xpTick = (zSign ? xPlaneN : xPlane);
  ypTick = (zSign ? yPlaneN : yPlane);
  zpTick = (zSign ? zPlane : zPlaneN);
  xpTickN = (zSign ? xPlane : xPlaneN);
  ypTickN = (zSign ? yPlane : yPlaneN);
  zpTickN = (zSign ? zPlaneN : zPlane);

  /* 2D mode */
  x2Dtop = false;
  y2Dright = false;
  layer2Dtop = false;
  if (xstate == AXE_HORZ_DIR && ystate == AXE_VERT_DIR)
    {
      if (xaxislocation_is ("top"))
        {
          double tmp = yPlane;
          yPlane = yPlaneN;
          yPlaneN = tmp;
          x2Dtop = true;
        }
      ypTick = yPlaneN;
      ypTickN = yPlane;
      if (yaxislocation_is ("right"))
        {
          double tmp = xPlane;
          xPlane = xPlaneN;
          xPlaneN = tmp;
          y2Dright = true;
        }
      xpTick = xPlaneN;
      xpTickN = xPlane;
      if (layer_is ("top"))
        {
          zpTick = zPlaneN;
          layer2Dtop = true;
        }
      else
        zpTick = zPlane;
    }

  Matrix viewmat = get_view ().matrix_value ();
  nearhoriz = std::abs (viewmat(1)) <= 5;

  update_ticklength ();
}

void
axes::properties::update_ticklength (void)
{
  bool mode2d = (((xstate > AXE_DEPTH_DIR ? 1 : 0) +
                  (ystate > AXE_DEPTH_DIR ? 1 : 0) +
                  (zstate > AXE_DEPTH_DIR ? 1 : 0)) == 2);

  if (tickdirmode_is ("auto"))
    tickdir.set (mode2d ? "in" : "out", true);

  double ticksign = (tickdir_is ("in") ? -1 : 1);

  Matrix bbox = get_boundingbox (true);
  Matrix ticklen = get_ticklength ().matrix_value ();
  ticklen(0) = ticklen(0) * std::max (bbox(2), bbox(3));
  ticklen(1) = ticklen(1) * std::max (bbox(2), bbox(3));

  xticklen = ticksign * (mode2d ? ticklen(0) : ticklen(1));
  yticklen = ticksign * (mode2d ? ticklen(0) : ticklen(1));
  zticklen = ticksign * (mode2d ? ticklen(0) : ticklen(1));

  xtickoffset = (mode2d ? std::max (0., xticklen) : std::abs (xticklen)) + 5;
  ytickoffset = (mode2d ? std::max (0., yticklen) : std::abs (yticklen)) + 5;
  ztickoffset = (mode2d ? std::max (0., zticklen) : std::abs (zticklen)) + 5;

  update_xlabel_position ();
  update_ylabel_position ();
  update_zlabel_position ();
  update_title_position ();
}

/*
## FIXME: A demo can't be called in a C++ file.  This should be made a test
## or moved to a .m file where it can be called.
%!demo
%! clf;
%! subplot (2,1,1);
%!  plot (rand (3));
%!  xlabel xlabel;
%!  ylabel ylabel;
%!  title title;
%! subplot (2,1,2);
%!  plot (rand (3));
%!  set (gca, "ticklength", get (gca, "ticklength") * 2, "tickdir", "out");
%!  xlabel xlabel;
%!  ylabel ylabel;
%!  title title;
*/

static bool updating_xlabel_position = false;

void
axes::properties::update_xlabel_position (void)
{
  if (updating_xlabel_position)
    return;

  text::properties& xlabel_props
    = reinterpret_cast<text::properties&>
        (gh_manager::get_object (get_xlabel ()).get_properties ());

  bool is_empty = xlabel_props.get_string ().is_empty ();

  unwind_protect frame;
  frame.protect_var (updating_xlabel_position);
  updating_xlabel_position = true;

  if (! is_empty)
    {
      if (xlabel_props.horizontalalignmentmode_is ("auto"))
        {
          xlabel_props.set_horizontalalignment
            (xstate > AXE_DEPTH_DIR
             ? "center" : (xyzSym ? "left" : "right"));

          xlabel_props.set_horizontalalignmentmode ("auto");
        }

      if (xlabel_props.verticalalignmentmode_is ("auto"))
        {
          xlabel_props.set_verticalalignment
            (xstate == AXE_VERT_DIR || x2Dtop ? "bottom" : "top");

          xlabel_props.set_verticalalignmentmode ("auto");
        }
    }

  if (xlabel_props.positionmode_is ("auto")
      || xlabel_props.rotationmode_is ("auto"))
    {
      graphics_xform xform = get_transform ();

      Matrix ext (1, 2, 0.0);
      ext = get_ticklabel_extents (get_xtick ().matrix_value (),
                                   get_xticklabel ().all_strings (),
                                   get_xlim ().matrix_value ());

      double wmax = ext(0), hmax = ext(1), angle = 0;
      ColumnVector p =
        graphics_xform::xform_vector ((xpTickN+xpTick)/2, ypTick, zpTick);

      bool tick_along_z = nearhoriz || xisinf (fy);
      if (tick_along_z)
        p(2) += (signum (zpTick-zpTickN)*fz*xtickoffset);
      else
        p(1) += (signum (ypTick-ypTickN)*fy*xtickoffset);

      p = xform.transform (p(0), p(1), p(2), false);

      switch (xstate)
        {
        case AXE_ANY_DIR:
          p(0) += (xyzSym ? wmax : -wmax);
          p(1) += hmax;
          break;

        case AXE_VERT_DIR:
          p(0) -= wmax;
          angle = 90;
          break;

        case AXE_HORZ_DIR:
          p(1) += (x2Dtop ? -hmax : hmax);
          break;
        }

      if (xlabel_props.positionmode_is ("auto"))
        {
          p = xform.untransform (p(0), p(1), p(2), true);
          xlabel_props.set_position (p.extract_n (0, 3).transpose ());
          xlabel_props.set_positionmode ("auto");
        }

      if (! is_empty && xlabel_props.rotationmode_is ("auto"))
        {
          xlabel_props.set_rotation (angle);
          xlabel_props.set_rotationmode ("auto");
        }
    }
}

static bool updating_ylabel_position = false;

void
axes::properties::update_ylabel_position (void)
{
  if (updating_ylabel_position)
    return;

  text::properties& ylabel_props
    = reinterpret_cast<text::properties&>
        (gh_manager::get_object (get_ylabel ()).get_properties ());

  bool is_empty = ylabel_props.get_string ().is_empty ();

  unwind_protect frame;
  frame.protect_var (updating_ylabel_position);
  updating_ylabel_position = true;

  if (! is_empty)
    {
      if (ylabel_props.horizontalalignmentmode_is ("auto"))
        {
          ylabel_props.set_horizontalalignment
            (ystate > AXE_DEPTH_DIR
             ? "center" : (!xyzSym ? "left" : "right"));

          ylabel_props.set_horizontalalignmentmode ("auto");
        }

      if (ylabel_props.verticalalignmentmode_is ("auto"))
        {
          ylabel_props.set_verticalalignment
            (ystate == AXE_VERT_DIR && !y2Dright ? "bottom" : "top");

          ylabel_props.set_verticalalignmentmode ("auto");
        }
    }

  if (ylabel_props.positionmode_is ("auto")
      || ylabel_props.rotationmode_is ("auto"))
    {
      graphics_xform xform = get_transform ();

      Matrix ext (1, 2, 0.0);

      // The underlying get_extents() from FreeType produces mismatched values.
      // x-extent accurately measures the width of the glyphs.
      // y-extent instead measures from baseline-to-baseline.
      // Pad x-extent (+4) so that it approximately matches y-extent.
      // This keeps ylabels about the same distance from y-axis as
      // xlabels are from x-axis.
      // ALWAYS use an even number for padding or horizontal alignment
      // will be off.
      ext = get_ticklabel_extents (get_ytick ().matrix_value (),
                                   get_yticklabel ().all_strings (),
                                   get_ylim ().matrix_value ());

      double wmax = ext(0)+4, hmax = ext(1), angle = 0;
      ColumnVector p =
        graphics_xform::xform_vector (xpTick, (ypTickN+ypTick)/2, zpTick);

      bool tick_along_z = nearhoriz || xisinf (fx);
      if (tick_along_z)
        p(2) += (signum (zpTick-zpTickN)*fz*ytickoffset);
      else
        p(0) += (signum (xpTick-xpTickN)*fx*ytickoffset);

      p = xform.transform (p(0), p(1), p(2), false);

      switch (ystate)
        {
        case AXE_ANY_DIR:
          p(0) += (!xyzSym ? wmax : -wmax);
          p(1) += hmax;
          break;

        case AXE_VERT_DIR:
          p(0) += (y2Dright ? wmax : -wmax);
          angle = 90;
          break;

        case AXE_HORZ_DIR:
          p(1) += hmax;
          break;
        }

      if (ylabel_props.positionmode_is ("auto"))
        {
          p = xform.untransform (p(0), p(1), p(2), true);
          ylabel_props.set_position (p.extract_n (0, 3).transpose ());
          ylabel_props.set_positionmode ("auto");
        }

      if (! is_empty && ylabel_props.rotationmode_is ("auto"))
        {
          ylabel_props.set_rotation (angle);
          ylabel_props.set_rotationmode ("auto");
        }
    }
}

static bool updating_zlabel_position = false;

void
axes::properties::update_zlabel_position (void)
{
  if (updating_zlabel_position)
    return;

  text::properties& zlabel_props
    = reinterpret_cast<text::properties&>
        (gh_manager::get_object (get_zlabel ()).get_properties ());

  bool camAuto = cameraupvectormode_is ("auto");
  bool is_empty = zlabel_props.get_string ().is_empty ();

  unwind_protect frame;
  frame.protect_var (updating_zlabel_position);
  updating_zlabel_position = true;

  if (! is_empty)
    {
      if (zlabel_props.horizontalalignmentmode_is ("auto"))
        {
          zlabel_props.set_horizontalalignment
            ((zstate > AXE_DEPTH_DIR || camAuto) ? "center" : "right");

          zlabel_props.set_horizontalalignmentmode ("auto");
        }

      if (zlabel_props.verticalalignmentmode_is ("auto"))
        {
          zlabel_props.set_verticalalignment
            (zstate == AXE_VERT_DIR
             ? "bottom" : ((zSign || camAuto) ? "bottom" : "top"));

          zlabel_props.set_verticalalignmentmode ("auto");
        }
    }

  if (zlabel_props.positionmode_is ("auto")
      || zlabel_props.rotationmode_is ("auto"))
    {
      graphics_xform xform = get_transform ();

      Matrix ext (1, 2, 0.0);
      ext = get_ticklabel_extents (get_ztick ().matrix_value (),
                                   get_zticklabel ().all_strings (),
                                   get_zlim ().matrix_value ());

      double wmax = ext(0), hmax = ext(1), angle = 0;
      ColumnVector p;

      if (xySym)
        {
          p = graphics_xform::xform_vector (xPlaneN, yPlane,
                                            (zpTickN+zpTick)/2);
          if (xisinf (fy))
            p(0) += (signum (xPlaneN-xPlane)*fx*ztickoffset);
          else
            p(1) += (signum (yPlane-yPlaneN)*fy*ztickoffset);
        }
      else
        {
          p = graphics_xform::xform_vector (xPlane, yPlaneN,
                                            (zpTickN+zpTick)/2);
          if (xisinf (fx))
            p(1) += (signum (yPlaneN-yPlane)*fy*ztickoffset);
          else
            p(0) += (signum (xPlane-xPlaneN)*fx*ztickoffset);
        }

      p = xform.transform (p(0), p(1), p(2), false);

      switch (zstate)
        {
        case AXE_ANY_DIR:
          if (camAuto)
            {
              p(0) -= wmax;
              angle = 90;
            }

          // FIXME: what's the correct offset?
          //
          //   p[0] += (!xySym ? wmax : -wmax);
          //   p[1] += (zSign ? hmax : -hmax);

          break;

        case AXE_VERT_DIR:
          p(0) -= wmax;
          angle = 90;
          break;

        case AXE_HORZ_DIR:
          p(1) += hmax;
          break;
        }

      if (zlabel_props.positionmode_is ("auto"))
        {
          p = xform.untransform (p(0), p(1), p(2), true);
          zlabel_props.set_position (p.extract_n (0, 3).transpose ());
          zlabel_props.set_positionmode ("auto");
        }

      if (! is_empty && zlabel_props.rotationmode_is ("auto"))
        {
          zlabel_props.set_rotation (angle);
          zlabel_props.set_rotationmode ("auto");
        }
    }
}

static bool updating_title_position = false;

void
axes::properties::update_title_position (void)
{
  if (updating_title_position)
    return;

  text::properties& title_props
    = reinterpret_cast<text::properties&>
        (gh_manager::get_object (get_title ()).get_properties ());

  unwind_protect frame;
  frame.protect_var (updating_title_position);
  updating_title_position = true;

  if (title_props.positionmode_is ("auto"))
    {
      graphics_xform xform = get_transform ();

      // FIXME: bbox should be stored in axes::properties
      Matrix bbox = get_extent (false);

      ColumnVector p =
        graphics_xform::xform_vector (bbox(0)+bbox(2)/2,
                                      bbox(1)-10,
                                      (x_zlim(0)+x_zlim(1))/2);

      if (x2Dtop)
        {
          Matrix ext (1, 2, 0.0);
          ext = get_ticklabel_extents (get_xtick ().matrix_value (),
                                       get_xticklabel ().all_strings (),
                                       get_xlim ().matrix_value ());
          p(1) -= ext(1);
        }

      p = xform.untransform (p(0), p(1), p(2), true);

      title_props.set_position (p.extract_n (0, 3).transpose ());
      title_props.set_positionmode ("auto");
    }
}

void
axes::properties::update_autopos (const std::string& elem_type)
{
  if (elem_type == "xlabel")
    update_xlabel_position ();
  else if (elem_type == "ylabel")
    update_ylabel_position ();
  else if (elem_type == "zlabel")
    update_zlabel_position ();
  else if (elem_type == "title")
    update_title_position ();
  else if (elem_type == "sync")
    sync_positions ();
}

static void
normalized_aspectratios (Matrix& aspectratios, const Matrix& scalefactors,
                         double xlength, double ylength, double zlength)
{
  double xval = xlength/scalefactors(0);
  double yval = ylength/scalefactors(1);
  double zval = zlength/scalefactors(2);

  double minval = xmin (xmin (xval, yval), zval);

  aspectratios(0) = xval/minval;
  aspectratios(1) = yval/minval;
  aspectratios(2) = zval/minval;
}

static void
max_axes_scale (double& s, Matrix& limits, const Matrix& kids,
                double pbfactor, double dafactor, char limit_type, bool tight)
{
  if (tight)
    {
      double minval = octave_Inf;
      double maxval = -octave_Inf;
      double min_pos = octave_Inf;
      double max_neg = -octave_Inf;
      get_children_limits (minval, maxval, min_pos, max_neg, kids, limit_type);
      if (xfinite (minval) && xfinite (maxval))
        {
          limits(0) = minval;
          limits(1) = maxval;
          s = xmax(s, (maxval - minval) / (pbfactor * dafactor));
        }
    }
  else
    s = xmax(s, (limits(1) - limits(0)) / (pbfactor * dafactor));
}

static bool updating_aspectratios = false;

void
axes::properties::update_aspectratios (void)
{
  if (updating_aspectratios)
    return;

  Matrix xlimits = get_xlim ().matrix_value ();
  Matrix ylimits = get_ylim ().matrix_value ();
  Matrix zlimits = get_zlim ().matrix_value ();

  double dx = (xlimits(1)-xlimits(0));
  double dy = (ylimits(1)-ylimits(0));
  double dz = (zlimits(1)-zlimits(0));

  Matrix da = get_dataaspectratio ().matrix_value ();
  Matrix pba = get_plotboxaspectratio ().matrix_value ();

  if (dataaspectratiomode_is ("auto"))
    {
      if (plotboxaspectratiomode_is ("auto"))
        {
          pba = Matrix (1, 3, 1.0);
          plotboxaspectratio.set (pba, false);
        }

      normalized_aspectratios (da, pba, dx, dy, dz);
      dataaspectratio.set (da, false);
    }
  else if (plotboxaspectratiomode_is ("auto"))
    {
      normalized_aspectratios (pba, da, dx, dy, dz);
      plotboxaspectratio.set (pba, false);
    }
  else
    {
      double s = -octave_Inf;
      bool modified_limits = false;
      Matrix kids;

      if (xlimmode_is ("auto") && ylimmode_is ("auto") && zlimmode_is ("auto"))
        {
          modified_limits = true;
          kids = get_children ();
          max_axes_scale (s, xlimits, kids, pba(0), da(0), 'x', true);
          max_axes_scale (s, ylimits, kids, pba(1), da(1), 'y', true);
          max_axes_scale (s, zlimits, kids, pba(2), da(2), 'z', true);
        }
      else if (xlimmode_is ("auto") && ylimmode_is ("auto"))
        {
          modified_limits = true;
          max_axes_scale (s, zlimits, kids, pba(2), da(2), 'z', false);
        }
      else if (ylimmode_is ("auto") && zlimmode_is ("auto"))
        {
          modified_limits = true;
          max_axes_scale (s, xlimits, kids, pba(0), da(0), 'x', false);
        }
      else if (zlimmode_is ("auto") && xlimmode_is ("auto"))
        {
          modified_limits = true;
          max_axes_scale (s, ylimits, kids, pba(1), da(1), 'y', false);
        }

      if (modified_limits)
        {

          unwind_protect frame;
          frame.protect_var (updating_aspectratios);

          updating_aspectratios = true;

          dx = pba(0) *da(0);
          dy = pba(1) *da(1);
          dz = pba(2) *da(2);
          if (xisinf (s))
            s = 1 / xmin (xmin (dx, dy), dz);

          if (xlimmode_is ("auto"))
            {
              dx = s * dx;
              xlimits(0) = 0.5 * (xlimits(0) + xlimits(1) - dx);
              xlimits(1) = xlimits(0) + dx;
              set_xlim (xlimits);
              set_xlimmode ("auto");
            }

          if (ylimmode_is ("auto"))
            {
              dy = s * dy;
              ylimits(0) = 0.5 * (ylimits(0) + ylimits(1) - dy);
              ylimits(1) = ylimits(0) + dy;
              set_ylim (ylimits);
              set_ylimmode ("auto");
            }

          if (zlimmode_is ("auto"))
            {
              dz = s * dz;
              zlimits(0) = 0.5 * (zlimits(0) + zlimits(1) - dz);
              zlimits(1) = zlimits(0) + dz;
              set_zlim (zlimits);
              set_zlimmode ("auto");
            }
        }
      else
        {
          normalized_aspectratios (pba, da, dx, dy, dz);
          plotboxaspectratio.set (pba, false);
        }
    }
}

void
axes::properties::update_font (void)
{
#ifdef HAVE_FREETYPE
#ifdef HAVE_FONTCONFIG
  text_renderer.set_font (get ("fontname").string_value (),
                          get ("fontweight").string_value (),
                          get ("fontangle").string_value (),
                          get ("fontsize").double_value ());
#endif
#endif
}

// The INTERNAL flag defines whether position or outerposition is used.

Matrix
axes::properties::get_boundingbox (bool internal,
                                   const Matrix& parent_pix_size) const
{
  Matrix pos = internal ? get_position ().matrix_value ()
                        : get_outerposition ().matrix_value ();
  Matrix parent_size (parent_pix_size);

  if (parent_size.numel () == 0)
    {
      graphics_object obj = gh_manager::get_object (get_parent ());

      if (obj.valid_object ())
        parent_size =
          obj.get_properties ().get_boundingbox (true).extract_n (0, 2, 1, 2);
      else
        parent_size = default_figure_position ();
    }

  pos = convert_position (pos, get_units (), "pixels", parent_size);

  pos(0)--;
  pos(1)--;
  pos(1) = parent_size(1) - pos(1) - pos(3);

  return pos;
}

Matrix
axes::properties::get_extent (bool with_text, bool only_text_height) const
{
  graphics_xform xform = get_transform ();

  Matrix ext (1, 4, 0.0);
  ext(0) = octave_Inf;
  ext(1) = octave_Inf;
  ext(2) = -octave_Inf;
  ext(3) = -octave_Inf;
  for (int i = 0; i <= 1; i++)
    for (int j = 0; j <= 1; j++)
      for (int k = 0; k <= 1; k++)
        {
          ColumnVector p = xform.transform (i ? xPlaneN : xPlane,
                                            j ? yPlaneN : yPlane,
                                            k ? zPlaneN : zPlane, false);
          ext(0) = std::min (ext(0), p(0));
          ext(1) = std::min (ext(1), p(1));
          ext(2) = std::max (ext(2), p(0));
          ext(3) = std::max (ext(3), p(1));
        }

  if (with_text)
    {
      for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        {
          graphics_handle text_handle;
          if (i == 0)
            text_handle = get_title ();
          else if (i == 1)
            text_handle = get_xlabel ();
          else if (i == 2)
            text_handle = get_ylabel ();
          else if (i == 3)
            text_handle = get_zlabel ();

          text::properties& text_props
            = reinterpret_cast<text::properties&>
                (gh_manager::get_object (text_handle).get_properties ());

          Matrix text_pos = text_props.get_data_position ();
          text_pos = xform.transform (text_pos(0), text_pos(1), text_pos(2));
          if (text_props.get_string ().is_empty ())
            {
              ext(0) = std::min (ext(0), text_pos(0));
              ext(1) = std::min (ext(1), text_pos(1));
              ext(2) = std::max (ext(2), text_pos(0));
              ext(3) = std::max (ext(3), text_pos(1));
            }
          else
            {
              Matrix text_ext = text_props.get_extent_matrix ();

              bool ignore_horizontal = false;
              bool ignore_vertical = false;
              if (only_text_height)
                {
                  double text_rotation = text_props.get_rotation ();
                  if (text_rotation == 0. || text_rotation == 180.)
                    ignore_horizontal = true;
                  else if (text_rotation == 90. || text_rotation == 270.)
                    ignore_vertical = true;
                }

              if (! ignore_horizontal)
                {
                  ext(0) = std::min (ext(0), text_pos(0)+text_ext(0));
                  ext(2) = std::max (ext(2),
                                     text_pos(0)+text_ext(0)+text_ext(2));
                }

              if (! ignore_vertical)
                {
                  ext(1) = std::min (ext(1),
                                     text_pos(1)-text_ext(1)-text_ext(3));
                  ext(3) = std::max (ext(3), text_pos(1)-text_ext(1));
                }
            }
        }
    }

  ext(2) = ext(2)-ext(0);
  ext(3) = ext(3)-ext(1);

  return ext;
}

static octave_value
convert_ticklabel_string (const octave_value& val)
{
  octave_value retval = val;

  if (val.is_cellstr ())
    {
      // Always return a column vector for Matlab Compatibility
      if (val.columns () > 1)
        retval = val.reshape (dim_vector (val.numel (), 1));
    }
  else
    {
      string_vector sv;
      if (val.is_numeric_type ())
        {
          NDArray data = val.array_value ();
          std::ostringstream oss;
          oss.precision (5);
          for (octave_idx_type i = 0; i < val.numel (); i++)
            {
              oss.str ("");
              oss << data(i);
              sv.append (oss.str ());
            }
        }
      else if (val.is_string () && val.rows () == 1)
        {
          std::string valstr = val.string_value ();
          std::istringstream iss (valstr);
          std::string tmpstr;

          // Split string with delimiter '|'
          while (std::getline (iss, tmpstr, '|'))
            sv.append (tmpstr);

          // If string ends with '|' Matlab appends a null string
          if (*valstr.rbegin () == '|')
            sv.append (std::string (""));
        }
      else
        return retval;

      charMatrix chmat (sv, ' ');

      retval = octave_value (chmat);
    }

  return retval;
}

void
axes::properties::set_xticklabel (const octave_value& v)
{
  if (!error_state)
    {
      if (xticklabel.set (convert_ticklabel_string (v), false))
        {
          set_xticklabelmode ("manual");
          xticklabel.run_listeners (POSTSET);
          mark_modified ();
        }
      else
        set_xticklabelmode ("manual");
    }
}

void
axes::properties::set_yticklabel (const octave_value& v)
{
  if (!error_state)
    {
      if (yticklabel.set (convert_ticklabel_string (v), false))
        {
          set_yticklabelmode ("manual");
          yticklabel.run_listeners (POSTSET);
          mark_modified ();
        }
      else
        set_yticklabelmode ("manual");
    }
}

void
axes::properties::set_zticklabel (const octave_value& v)
{
  if (!error_state)
    {
      if (zticklabel.set (convert_ticklabel_string (v), false))
        {
          set_zticklabelmode ("manual");
          zticklabel.run_listeners (POSTSET);
          mark_modified ();
        }
      else
        set_zticklabelmode ("manual");
    }
}

// Almost identical to convert_ticklabel_string but it only accepts
// cellstr or string, not numeric input.
static octave_value
convert_linestyleorder_string (const octave_value& val)
{
  octave_value retval = val;

  if (val.is_cellstr ())
    {
      // Always return a column vector for Matlab Compatibility
      if (val.columns () > 1)
        retval = val.reshape (dim_vector (val.numel (), 1));
    }
  else
    {
      string_vector sv;
      if (val.is_string () && val.rows () == 1)
        {
          std::string valstr = val.string_value ();
          std::istringstream iss (valstr);
          std::string tmpstr;

          // Split string with delimiter '|'
          while (std::getline (iss, tmpstr, '|'))
            sv.append (tmpstr);

          // If string ends with '|' Matlab appends a null string
          if (*valstr.rbegin () == '|')
            sv.append (std::string (""));
        }
      else
        return retval;

      charMatrix chmat (sv, ' ');

      retval = octave_value (chmat);
    }

  return retval;
}

void
axes::properties::set_linestyleorder (const octave_value& v)
{
  if (!error_state)
    {
      linestyleorder.set (convert_linestyleorder_string (v), false);
    }
}

void
axes::properties::set_units (const octave_value& v)
{
  if (! error_state)
    {
      caseless_str old_units = get_units ();
      if (units.set (v, true))
        {
          update_units (old_units);
          mark_modified ();
        }
    }
}

void
axes::properties::update_units (const caseless_str& old_units)
{
  graphics_object obj = gh_manager::get_object (get_parent ());
  Matrix parent_bb
    = obj.get_properties ().get_boundingbox (true).extract_n (0, 2, 1, 2);
  caseless_str new_units = get_units ();
  position.set (octave_value (convert_position (get_position ().matrix_value (),
                                                old_units, new_units,
                                                parent_bb)),
                                                false);
  outerposition.set (octave_value (convert_position (get_outerposition ().matrix_value (),
                                                old_units, new_units,
                                                parent_bb)),
                                                false);
  tightinset.set (octave_value (convert_position (get_tightinset ().matrix_value (),
                                                old_units, new_units,
                                                parent_bb)),
                                                false);
  looseinset.set (octave_value (convert_position (get_looseinset ().matrix_value (),
                                                old_units, new_units,
                                                parent_bb)),
                                                false);
}

void
axes::properties::set_fontunits (const octave_value& v)
{
  if (! error_state)
    {
      caseless_str old_fontunits = get_fontunits ();
      if (fontunits.set (v, true))
        {
          update_fontunits (old_fontunits);
          mark_modified ();
        }
    }
}

void
axes::properties::update_fontunits (const caseless_str& old_units)
{
  caseless_str new_units = get_fontunits ();
  double parent_height = get_boundingbox (true).elem (3);
  double fsz = get_fontsize ();

  fsz = convert_font_size (fsz, old_units, new_units, parent_height);

  set_fontsize (octave_value (fsz));
}

double
axes::properties::get_fontsize_points (double box_pix_height) const
{
  double fs = get_fontsize ();
  double parent_height = box_pix_height;

  if (fontunits_is ("normalized") && parent_height <= 0)
    parent_height = get_boundingbox (true).elem (3);

  return convert_font_size (fs, get_fontunits (), "points", parent_height);
}

ColumnVector
graphics_xform::xform_vector (double x, double y, double z)
{
  return ::xform_vector (x, y, z);
}

Matrix
graphics_xform::xform_eye (void)
{
  return ::xform_matrix ();
}

ColumnVector
graphics_xform::transform (double x, double y, double z,
                           bool use_scale) const
{
  if (use_scale)
    {
      x = sx.scale (x);
      y = sy.scale (y);
      z = sz.scale (z);
    }

  return ::transform (xform, x, y, z);
}

ColumnVector
graphics_xform::untransform (double x, double y, double z,
                             bool use_scale) const
{
  ColumnVector v = ::transform (xform_inv, x, y, z);

  if (use_scale)
    {
      v(0) = sx.unscale (v(0));
      v(1) = sy.unscale (v(1));
      v(2) = sz.unscale (v(2));
    }

  return v;
}

octave_value
axes::get_default (const caseless_str& name) const
{
  octave_value retval = default_properties.lookup (name);

  if (retval.is_undefined ())
    {
      graphics_handle parent = get_parent ();
      graphics_object parent_obj = gh_manager::get_object (parent);

      retval = parent_obj.get_default (name);
    }

  return retval;
}

// FIXME: remove.
// FIXME: maybe this should go into array_property class?
/*
static void
check_limit_vals (double& min_val, double& max_val,
                  double& min_pos, double& max_neg,
                  const array_property& data)
{
  double val = data.min_val ();
  if (xfinite (val) && val < min_val)
    min_val = val;
  val = data.max_val ();
  if (xfinite (val) && val > max_val)
    max_val = val;
  val = data.min_pos ();
  if (xfinite (val) && val > 0 && val < min_pos)
    min_pos = val;
  val = data.max_neg ();
  if (xfinite (val) && val < 0 && val > max_neg)
    max_neg = val;
}
*/

static void
check_limit_vals (double& min_val, double& max_val,
                  double& min_pos, double& max_neg,
                  const octave_value& data)
{
  if (data.is_matrix_type ())
    {
      Matrix m = data.matrix_value ();

      if (! error_state && m.numel () == 4)
        {
          double val;

          val = m(0);
          if (xfinite (val) && val < min_val)
            min_val = val;

          val = m(1);
          if (xfinite (val) && val > max_val)
            max_val = val;

          val = m(2);
          if (xfinite (val) && val > 0 && val < min_pos)
            min_pos = val;

          val = m(3);
          if (xfinite (val) && val < 0 && val > max_neg)
            max_neg = val;
        }
    }
}

// magform(x) Returns (a, b), where x = a * 10^b, abs (a) >= 1., and b is
// integer.

static void
magform (double x, double& a, int& b)
{
  if (x == 0)
    {
      a = 0;
      b = 0;
    }
  else
    {
      b = static_cast<int> (gnulib::floor (std::log10 (std::abs (x))));
      a = x / std::pow (10.0, b);
    }
}

// A translation from Tom Holoryd's python code at
// http://kurage.nimh.nih.gov/tomh/tics.py
// FIXME: add log ticks

double
axes::properties::calc_tick_sep (double lo, double hi)
{
  int ticint = 5;

  // Reference: Lewart, C. R., "Algorithms SCALE1, SCALE2, and
  // SCALE3 for Determination of Scales on Computer Generated
  // Plots", Communications of the ACM, 10 (1973), 639-640.
  // Also cited as ACM Algorithm 463.

  double a;
  int b, x;

  magform ((hi-lo)/ticint, a, b);

  static const double sqrt_2 = sqrt (2.0);
  static const double sqrt_10 = sqrt (10.0);
  static const double sqrt_50 = sqrt (50.0);

  if (a < sqrt_2)
    x = 1;
  else if (a < sqrt_10)
    x = 2;
  else if (a < sqrt_50)
    x = 5;
  else
    x = 10;

  return x * std::pow (10., b);

}

// Attempt to make "nice" limits from the actual max and min of the
// data.  For log plots, we will also use the smallest strictly positive
// value.

Matrix
axes::properties::get_axis_limits (double xmin, double xmax,
                                   double min_pos, double max_neg,
                                   bool logscale)
{
  Matrix retval;

  double min_val = xmin;
  double max_val = xmax;

  if (xisinf (min_val) && min_val > 0 && xisinf (max_val) && max_val < 0)
    {